目的： 探讨超声检查在无精症病因诊断中的应用价值。方法： 回顾分析2015年1月1日至2021年12月31日在我院确诊为无精症的连续病例314例，总结分析其临床资料及超声检查的结果。结果： 314例无精症患者中，梗阻性无精症(obstructive azoospermia，OA)患者118例（ 37.6%），非梗阻性无精症(non-obstructive azoospermia，NOA)患者196例（62.4%）。OA患者中，有89%（105/118）超声检查有阳性发现，包括先天性双侧输精管缺如（40例）、射精管梗阻（33例）、炎症性病变（17例）、钙化性病变（15例）；NOA患者中，有40.3%（79/196）超声检查有阳性发现，包括小睾丸（45例）、隐睾（13例）、睾丸微石症（16例）、精索静脉曲张（5例）。结论： 314例无精症患者中，NOA与OA之比为1.66∶1，经超声检查能明确其中58.6%患者的病因，能明确89%的OA病因及40.3%的NOA病因。

Objective: To explore the application value of ultrasound in the etiological diagnosis of azoospermia.Methods: Three hundred and fourteen consecutive cases of azoospermia diagnosed in our hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and their clinical data and ultrasonic examination results were summarized and analyzed. Results: Among 314 patients, 118 (37.6%) had obstructive azoospermia (OA) and 196 (62.4%) had non obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Among OA patients, 89% (105 cases) showed positive ultrasound findings, including congenital bilateral vas deferens absence (40 cases), ejaculatory duct obstruction(33 cases), inflammatory lesions(17 cases), and calcified lesions (15 cases); Among 196 patients with NOA, 40.3% (79 cases) had positive ultrasound findings, including small testis (45 cases), cryptorchidism (13 cases), testicular microlithiasis (16 cases), and varicocele (5 cases). Conclusions: Among the 314 patients with azoospermia in this study, the ratio of NOA to OA is 1.66:1. Ultrasound examination is able to identify the etiology of 58.6% of the patients, including 89% of the causes of OA and 40.3% of the causes of NOA.