目的：分析2016年上海市结肠直肠癌发病和死亡的基本情况及其2002—2016年间的变化趋势。 方法：采用上海市疾病预防控制中心建立的人群基础肿瘤登记管理系统和死因登记系统收集的2002—2016年结肠直肠癌发病和死亡资料,按诊断或死亡年份、性别、部位和年龄组分层分析,计算数量、构成比、粗率、年龄别率、年龄标准化率（简称：标化率）等指标。分析结肠直肠癌发病和死亡数量、粗率、年龄别率和标化率趋势。按性别划分的结肠癌和直肠癌的发病和死亡标化率也应用Joinpoint软件计算年度变化百分比分析变化趋势。计算不同诊断年份组合的结肠直肠癌新发病例的部分诊断特征指标的数量和构成比。应用Segi 1960年世界标准人口构成调整计算发病和死亡的标化率。结果：2016年上海市结肠直肠癌新发病例数和死亡人数分别为9 337例和4 599人,粗发病率为64.48/10万,标化发病率为24.64/10万,粗死亡率为31.76/10万,标化死亡率为10.13/10万,男性发病和死亡的标化率均高于女性。年龄别发病和死亡的数量和率值随着年龄的增长而增加。年龄别发病的数量和率值分别在60~64岁组和80~84岁组达到高峰,年龄别死亡的数量和率值均在85岁以上组达到高峰。结肠直肠癌的标化发病率在2002—2016年间以年均1.07%的增速上升,标化死亡率维持稳定状态。结论：按性别或年龄组分层的结肠直肠癌现况和趋势反映了上海户籍人口在相关危险因素、筛查技术应用和诊疗水平发展等方面的变化。以人群为基础的癌症发病和死亡资料可用于减少癌症负担。

Objective To investigate the colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in 2016 Shanghai and trend change between 2002 and 2016. Methods Data of CRC incidence and death between 2002 and 2016 were collected from the population-based cancer registry and Vital Statistics System of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. CRC incidence and mortality including year of incidence and mortality, gender, cancer site and age-group were analyzed. CRC incidence and mortality, and proportion, crude rate, age-specific rate, and age-standardized rate were also calculated. Trends of incidence and death of CRC, crude rate, age-specific rate and age-standardized rate were estimated. Trends of gender-standardized CRC incidence and death and the annual percent change(APC) were estimated by Joinpoint analysis. The incidence and proportion of new CRC cases with selected diagnostic character in different years were also calculated. Age-standardized incidence and mortality were calculated using Segi’s 1960 world standard population. Results CRC incidence and mortality were 9 337 and 4 599 in Shanghai 2016. Crude incidence was 64.48/10⁵, and age-standardized rate was 24.64/10⁵. Crude mortality was 31.76/10⁵, and age-standardized rate was 10.13/10⁵. Age-standar-dized incidence and mortality in males were higher than those in females. Age-specific case number and rate and age-specific death number and rate increased with aging. Age-specific case number and rate reached peak at age group both 60-64 years and 80-84 years, and age-specific death number and rate reached peak at age group more than 85 years. Overall, age-standardized CRC incidence between 2002 and 2016 increased 1.07% per year, and age-standardized CRC mortality was stable. Conclusions The current status and trends of CRC stratified by gender or age-group reflect the changes in risk factors, screening test use, and advances in diagnosis and treatment in Shanghai permanent population. Data of population-based cancer incidence and mortality can be used to decrease cancer burden.