热消融是一项发展迅速的微创治疗技术，包含激光消融、射频消融和微波消融，其应用于肝细胞癌和肾细胞腺癌等恶性疾病的治疗已获得显著性成功。近年来，该技术已逐渐被引入甲状腺微小乳头状癌（papillary thyroid microcarcinoma，PTMC）的治疗中。越来越多研究表明，热消融运用于PTMC的治疗有效且安全，与传统外科手术相比，具有独特的优势，但是否作为一线治疗仍有许多争议。目前，陆续有指南和共识提出热消融治疗PTMC的适应证和禁忌证，在临床上也相继有许多PTMC热消融治疗后的相关随访报道。本文就热消融技术治疗PTMC的原理、适应证与禁忌证、有效性及安全性、与传统外科手术比较等进行总结。

Thermal ablations are rapidly developing techniques for minimally invasive treatment, including laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, and microwave ablation. Such remarkable success has been achieved in treatment malignant neoplasms, for instance, hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell adenocarcinoma. In recent years, the practice has been gradually adopted into the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Many reports have stated that thermal ablations have distinctive advantages over traditional thyroidectomy owing to its efficacy and safety for treatment primary PTMC, meanwhile there are many controversial issues which hotly debated regarding to first-line treatments. Recently, indications and contraindications of thermal ablation for PTMC have been successively proposed by guidelines and consensuses. Many follow-up reports related to thermal ablation in the treatment of PTMC have been reported in clinical practice as well. In this review, we summarized the principles, indications and contraindications, and the efficacy and safety of thermal ablation in the treatment of PTMC, and compared it with traditional surgery.