早在上世纪90年代,注射裸信使核糖核酸(mRNA)已经能够在体内实现外源性蛋白的表达。然而,mRNA的不稳定性及高度免疫原性阻碍了这项技术的进一步发展与应用。近年来,随着对mRNA结构的认识深入及核酸技术的进步,可化学合成并修饰信使核糖核酸,即Chemically synthetic modified message RNA(modRNA),modRNA兼具稳定性、低免疫原性及良好的蛋白翻译表的优势。我们对其研究现状、存在问题进行综述,并对可能的改进方向进行展望。

Earlier in the 1990s,direct injection of naked mRNA has been proved to be an approach to achieve the exogenous gene expression in vivo.However,the instability and high-immunogenicity of mRNA becomes the main challenges of further development and application of this technology.Recently,with the in-depth research of mRNA structure and the advancement of nucleic acid technologies,chemically synthetic modified message RNA(modRNA)has emerged as a newly-developed gene vector,featuring stability,low-immunogenicity and high expression of target proteins.Based on the related researches,the concept,structure,mechanism and research status of modRNA were concluded,and the advantages and flaws along with the potential improvement direction were put forward in this paper.