Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery ›› 2023, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (6): 535-.

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 Venous malformation of glans penis: Classification and long-pluse 1 064 nm Nd:YAG laser therapy

  

  • Published:2023-12-28

Abstract:

Objective To propose a classification system for venous malformations of glans penis (GPVM) and evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-pulse 1 064 nm Nd : YAG (LP-Nd:YAG) laser therapy for GPVM. Methods Twenty-six patients with GPVM were included in this study. They were classified into three types according to involved area and erectile function: Solitary type (Type Ⅰ ), extensive type (Type Ⅱ ), and full glans penis type without (Type Ⅲ a) or with (Type Ⅲ b) erectile dysfunction. Twenty-five of them were treated by LP-Nd : YAG laser, and the outcomes were converted into a five grading scales. The major and minor complications were recorded after each session. Results Twenty-four patients completed LP-Nd : YAG laser treatment. Four patients (16.7%) achieved“excellent (clear rate 75%-90%)” results and 20 patients (83.3%) achieved “nearly cured (clear rate>90%)”  after an average of 2.4±1.1 sessions (1-5 sessions) of treatment. All treated patients were followed up for 6-14 months [average (9.0±2.6) months], and no recurrence was observed. The minor complications included mucosa texture change (n=8), temporary hyperpigmentation (n=4), blister and thin scab (n=2), temporary fibrous nodules (n=2), temporary hypopigmentation (n=1), superficial scar (n=1), slight hypoesthesia (n=1). And the minor complications included tissue defect and local depression (n=1) and permanent fibrous nodules (n=2). Conclusion LP-Nd : YAG laser has rather high  clearance rate of GPVM and major complications are rare. This classification system is valuable to predict outcomes and safety of laser therapy to a certain degree. Different type of GPVM is likely to be related to different complications.

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