Objective To explore the influencing factors of preoperative respiratory tract infection and postoperativeprognosis of cleft lip and palate， and to construct a prediction model. Methods A total of 324 children with congenital cleftlip and palate who received treatment from August 2021 to August 2024 were selected. According to the occurrence ofrespiratory tract infection after admission， the patients were divided into infection group （46 cases） and non-infection group（278 cases）. According to the postoperative prognosis， the children involved in the study were divided into good prognosisgroup （256 cases） and poor prognosis group （68 cases）. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of preoperative respiratory tract infection and postoperative prognosis， and the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was drawn to analyze the accuracy of predictive variables. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between preoperative respiratory tract infection and postoperative prognosis. Results The multivariate results of preoperative respiratory tract infection showed that abnormal CD4+/CD8+， smoking history of parents， respiratory tract infection of caregivers during hospitalization， no window ventilation at night， and occasional hand washing of children and their families before meals were independent risk factors for preoperative respiratory tract infection in children （P<0.05）.ROC curve analysis showed that CD4+/CD8+abnormalities， parental smoking history， respiratory tract infection during hospitalization， window ventilation at night， hand washing of children and their families before meals， and combined prediction were statistically significant for evaluating preoperative respiratory tract infection （P<0.05）. Multivariate results of postoperative prognosis showed that complete cleft lip and palate， malnutrition， late repair， use of traditional surgical methods， junior doctors， occasional language function rehabilitation training， and postoperative infection were independent risk factors for postoperative prognosis （P<0.05）. ROC curve analysis showed that the degree of cleft lip and palate， nutritional status， timing of surgery， choice of surgical methods， doctor’s seniority， language function rehabilitation training， postoperative infection and combined prediction were statistically significant for evaluating postoperative prognosis （P<0.05）. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant positive correlation between preoperative respiratory tract infection and postoperative prognosis （r=0.789，P<0.05）. Conclusion Preoperative respiratory infections are significantly correlated with postoperative prognosis. Abnormal CD4+/CD8+， parents with a history of smoking， respiratorytract infection during hospitalization， no window ventilation at night， children and their families before meals， and occasionally washing hands are independent risk factors for preoperative respiratory tract infection in children. Complete cleft lip and palate， malnutrition， late repair， use of traditional surgical methods， junior doctors， occasional language function rehabilitation training， and postoperative infection are independent risk factors for postoperative prognosis in children.Regarding the above factors， targeted measures should be taken to ensure surgical safety and prognosis rehabilitation.

Cleft lip and palate, Respiratory tract infection, Prognosis, Influencing factors, Prediction