Objective To compare and analyze the therapeutic effect of two surgical approaches in the treatment of humeral intercondylar fracture. Methods From May 2015 to May 2017, a total of 72 patients with humeral intercondylar fracture were treated. According to the method of approach, the patients were divided into 2 groups： olecranon osteotomy approach group （group A, n=36） and medial-lateral approach group （group B, n=36）. The operating time, X-ray exposure time, complications and elbow function assessment were observed and compared between the 2 groups. Results The operating time and X-ray exposure time in the group A were less than those in the group B （P〈0.05）. The incidence of complications in the group A was lower than that in the group B （P〈0.05）. The functional evaluation of the elbow joint in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group B （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The olecranon osteotomy approach in the treatment of humeral intercondylar fracture is superior to the medial -lateral approach with less operating time, X -ray exposure time, complications, and better elbow function recovery.