Stromal vascular fraction(SVF)is a heterogeneous collection of cells,which is the remaining ingredients after removing mature fat cells in the adipose tissue of transplantation.SVF includes adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs),hematopoietic stem cell,endothelial precursor cells,macrophages,etc.ADSCs have multipotent differentiation capacity and can release of various cytokines thus show promise in regenarative and reconstructive medicine.The methods for acquiring SVF mainly include enzymatic and mechanical isolation,which have not reached a wide consensus.SVF has been widely used in plastic surgery including enhancing the viability of fat grafts,skin rejuvenation,treatment of facial scars and alopecia,etc.SVF is also comparably effective in several human diseases including radiation injuries,osteoarthritis,diabetes and so on.But there is still debate with regards to safe and efficacious use of SVF.Further studies are needed to investigate the optimal procedures for efficient SVF isolation,elucidate its characterization and discover newer applications apart from the plethora already identified.