Objective To explore the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, so as to provide evidence for further research and clinical application of fat transplantation. Methods The differentiating 3T3-L1 cells after adipogenic induction were incubated with different concentration of S.miltiorrhiza (0.6 g/L, 0.3 g/L, 0.15 g/L, 0.075 g/L, 0.04 g/L, 0.02 g/L). After the 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into mature adipocyte, the cell proliferation viability was determined by CCK-8 assay kit. The lipid droplets accumulation of adipocyte were observed by Oil Red O staining and Image Pro Plus 6.0. The adipogenesis was quantified by measuring lipid content using triglyceride GPO-POD assay kit. Results S. miltiorrhiza promoted a dose-and time-dependent increase in 3T3-L1 cell proliferation viability. The earlier the dosing time was, the better the cell proliferation viability would be; The higher the concentration was, the better the cell proliferation viability would be. Within the six S.miltiorrhiza concentrations confine, S.miltiorrhiza also promoted a dose-dependent increase in 3T3-L1 cell differentiation ability, enhanced the lipid droplets accumulation of 3T3-L1 adipocyte. Conclusion S.miltiorrhiza can promote the increase of adipocyte number via the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells.