Poland syndrome is a rare deformity of the chest wall accompanied with the abnormality of the trunk,limbs and other parts.As the incidence is low,the uniform etiology is not yet settled,but there are various theories of it.The multi-system and multi-site clinical manifestations make it more difficult to diagnose it overall,and the presence of some serious complications will also affect the timing of treatment and strategy choice.At present,the diagnosis and treatment of Poland syndrome is often done by thoracic surgery,hand surgery,plastic surgery separately and lack systematic classification,severity score system and treatment strategies.In this paper,the latest progress of the diagnosis and treatment of Poland syndrome were introduced in detail from the aspects of etiology,clinical manifestation and treatment strategy.At the same time,the future development of diagnosis and treatment for Poland syndrome was prospected.