Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) are the remaining cells of the ingredients after removing mature fat cells in the adipose tissue of transplantation. In addition to containing a certain amount of adipose derived stem cells (ADSC), SVF also includes many other cells, which may all have the potential of promoting angiogenesis. In this paper, the role of SVF in angiogenesis after fat transplantation was summarized by reviewing relative literature in recent years. According to the literature, angiogenesis and fat graft revascularization are regulated by various factors: SVF promotes secretion of a diverse array of cytokines and growth;SVF differentiated to pericytes has the function of stabilizing endothelium vascular network;As components of SVF, adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) have the potential of multi-directional differentiation, and macrophages can promote local angiogenesis in hypoxia environment. These results may provide directions of improving the survival rate of fat cells in clinical autologous fat transplantation.