Objective To explore the feasibility of the in-situ remediation of nasal septal defect in rabbit by BMSCs combing PHBV. Methods The nasal septal defects were surgically created in the 36 rabbits. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the repair materials. The experimental group: BMSCs-PHBV complex; the control group:only PHBV; the blank group: nothing. The specimen in each group were harvested for gross observation, HE and immunohistochemistry staining 16 and 24 weeks after operation. Results The defects were repaired by the hyline-like cartilage tissue without obvious boundary in the experimental group while the defects were repaired by thinner cartilage tissue with obvious boundary in the control group. And the defects were repaired by the fibrous tissues in the blank group. Histology and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the cartilage formed have more compact tissue structure in the experimental group. The cartilage matrix staining of cartilage formed in the experimental group were stronger than that of cartilage formed in the control group. Conclusion BMSCs-PHBV complex could repair defects of nasal septal cartilage in rabbits effectively.