The repair and reconstruction of facial bone deformities, bone defects, nonunion due to all causes are concerned in the craniofacial surgical work. Craniofacial bone are repaired and reconstructed mainly by means of osteotomy, bone-rearrangement combined with repair materials implantation. With the progress of cell biology and in-depth knowledge of the growth and development of craniofacial skeleton, a growing number of studies have shown that growth factors widely participate in the bone repair and reconstruction in the local regulation of bone tissue regeneration. The bone morphogenetic protein s (BMPs) is one of the focus. In this paper, the BMPs overview, the mechanism of promoting bone formation, animal experiments, preliminary clinical experience and many other aspects were reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for further research and the application of BMPs in the repair of craniofacial bone and reconstruction in the future.