Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of autologous bone marrow stem cells transplantation in treating diabetic arterial diseases of the lower extremities.Methods Thirty patients with diabetic artery diseases involved in both lower limbs were enrolled in this study.The patients were received autologenous bone marrow stem cell transplantation by intramuscular injections at multiple sites of affected limb.During 15 months of follow-up,symptoms including skin colour,sensation,local ulcers,skin temperature and claudication were observed and compared with the control group.The ankle-bronchial indexes and MRI angiographic results were recorded.Results The symptoms were greatly relieved and the walking distance without pain was dramatically prolonged.The ankle-bronchial indexes were increased from 0.35±0.20 to 0.56±0.10(P<0.05) after cellular treatment.Conclusion Autologous bone marrow stem cells transplantation is safe,effective and feasible for the treatment of peripheral arterial vascular disease in diabetic.