Objective To investigate the influence of hypoxia and co-culture of endothelial cells(EC) induced from BMSC and autologous bone marrow stromal cells(BMSC) on the proliferation of BMSC.Methods The rabbit BMSC were isolated and were induced into endothelial cells.These cells were divided into four groups.① BMSC group cultured under normoxia;② BMSC group cultured under hypoxia;③ BMSC+EC group co-cultured under normoxia;④ BMSC+EC group co-cultured under hypoxia.Inverted microscope and MTT method were applied to observe the effects of hypoxia and induced autologous EC on the cellular compatibility of BMSC.Results Endothelial cells could be induced from BMSC.Inverted microscope showed a cellular compatible growing status of BMSC and EC.The ability of proliferation of groups cultured under hypoxia were stronger than groups cultured under normoxia(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between BMSC groups and BMSC+EC groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The hypoxia can increase the proliferation of BMSC.While the endothelial cells induced from BMSC can not.