Abstract：In 2025, foreign air and missile defense equipment has accelerated its evolution driven by emerging threats and strategic competition, exhibiting notable characteristics of multi-domain integration, intelligent upgrading, and combat-driven iteration. Through system integration, equipment development and modernization, technological innovation, and lessons learned from regional conflicts and exercises, foreign militaries have comprehensively enhanced the operational effectiveness of air and missile defense capabilities. This paper reviews the annual progress of major military powers such as the United States and Russia in three dimensions: defense architecture, air and missile defense equipment, and defense technologies, covering system construction, equipment deployment, technological development, and operational employment. Furthermore, it assesses the development trends in foreign air and missile defense domains, providing support for future defense equipment development.
刘杰, 王创维. 2025年国外防空反导领域发展情况浅析[J]. 空天防御, 2026, 9(2): 87-96.
LIU Jie, WANG Chuangwei. Analysis of Foreign Air and Missile Defense Development in 2025. Air & Space Defense, 2026, 9(2): 87-96.
