Abstract: Marine towed cable seismic technology is the main means of deep sea oil and gas exploration. With the increasingly complex types of deep water oil and gas reservoirs, the data obtained by conventional operation methods have become more and more difficult to meet the requirements of fine offshore exploration. The four component deep water oil and gas seismic exploration towing cable system realizes vector measurement and broadband acquisition through multi-component sensing acquisition technology, and uses transverse component to reconstruct data, and improves the imaging quality of thin layer and special lithology, and improves the depth of detection. The four component cable acquisition system arranges a pressure geophone and a three component MEMS digital geophone at the same time in the towing cable. It records 3 orthogonal acceleration wave field gradient components while recording the vertical component pressure field, and compares the conventional towing system with a single type of water inspection. The collection of data is quadrupled and the acquisition system is used. Higher requirements are put forward in all aspects. In this paper, the key technologies such as synchronous acquisition, data processing, data transmission and so on for the four component deepwater oil and gas seismic exploration haulage acquisition system are studied.