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Abstract To address the requirements for broadband, high-precision, and anti-interference direction-finding (DF) capabilities in the passive seekers of anti-radiation missiles (ARMs), and considering the resource-constrained nature of ARMs, a low-resource-overhead, broadband, high-precision, and anti-interference DF architecture based on a time-modulated circular array (TMCA) is proposed in this paper. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high-precision direction-finding in the typical frequency band of 2~18 GHz for communication signals such as Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and radar signals such as linear frequency modulation (LFM), and possesses the capability to resolve co-frequency interference sources. The proposed method can be applied to the broadband, high-precision, and anti-interference DF of ARM passive seekers. Consequently, a reference scheme is provided for the future development of novel broadband anti-radiation radar passive seekers characterized by low resource overhead, high precision, and robust anti-interference capabilities.
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Received: 09 March 2026
Published: 10 July 2026
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2026, Vol. 9 
