当代外语研究

当代外语研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (01): 60-63.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2018.01.009

• 文学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

文明的最终失败——生物学与哲学冲突中的哈代

成芳霞, 石捷, 刘冰玉   

  1. 西安理工大学,西安,710048;陕西铁路工程职业技术学院,渭南,714000;北京科技大学,北京,100083
  • 发布日期:2020-07-25
  • 作者简介:成芳霞,西安理工大学人文与外国语学院副教授、硕士生导师。主要研究方向为英美文学。电子邮箱:fangxia-cheng@163.com石捷,陕西铁路工程职业技术学院讲师,西安交通大学哲学系博士生。主要研究方向为英语语言文学、西方哲学。电子邮箱:xixili@xaut.edu.cn刘冰玉,北京科技大学材料科学学院本科生。主要研究方向为材料科学。电子邮箱:lceliubingyu@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    *本文为陕西省社会科学基金项目“文明的失败:哈代与科学文化”(编号2014I46)阶段性成果。

The Ultimate Failure of Civilization—Thomas Hardy in the Clash Between Biology and Philosophy

CHENG Fangxia, SHI Jie, LIU Bingyu   

  • Published:2020-07-25

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摘要： 达尔文与穆勒之间的分歧论争使深受其影响的哈代夹在生物学与哲学之间而处于自然与文化、本能与理性、身体与智力的冲突和矛盾之中。达尔文把自然和生物学置于文化教育之上,认为文化是生物性的,自然是价值、道德的来源;穆勒强调个体自治,抵触肉体和本能,把通过文化获得的东西归于自然。在困惑与两难中,哈代坚持本能压倒理性,自然是价值的源泉,知识之树有其痛苦,思考是人类的疾病,并最终宣告以文化科学为代表的人类文明之于自然的更大失败。

关键词: 生物学, 哲学, 文明, 失败

Abstract: Caught in the differences and debates between biology and philosophy or Darwin and Mill that influenced him so greatly, Hardy was ambivalent about the relation between nature and culture, instinct and reason, body and intellect. Darwin put nature and biology above culture and education, regarding culture as biological and nature the source of values and morality. Mill advocated self-government and repulsion of the body and instinct, claiming what was obtained through culture to be natural. Moved and confused, Hardy eventually affirms that instinct overwhelms intellect, that nature is the source of value, that the tree of knowledge produces pain and that thought is a disease of flesh, declaring the ultimate failure of human civilization represented by culture and science.