Berkove, L. I. 2011. Jack London and evolution: From Spencer to Huxley [A]. In H. Bloom (ed). Jack London [C]. New York: Infobase. 127-40. Mitchell, J. L. 2004. Jack London and boxing [J]. American Literary Realism (3): 225-42. Oats, J. C. 1994. On Boxing [M]. Harper Collins e-books. London, J. 1997-2014. Library of Jack London's Books, Short Stories [OL]. [2014-10-15]. http://www.jacklondons.net. 赫胥黎.1971.进化论和伦理[M].北京:科学出版社. 聂珍钊.2014.文学伦理学批评导论[M].北京:北京大学出版社.