Abstract： To make effective decisions on regional transportation investment structure, considering self-regional and inter-regional induced economic growth that transportation infrastructure generated, a regional transport infrastructure investment structure optimization model was built, by defining maximum economic benefits of regional investment as objective function, coordination evolution of economic distribution pattern as constraints. The model combined CobbDouglas production function, Gravitation field theory and Zipf law, using heuristic algorithm to simulate Chengdu statistics. The results indicate that the model is valid for analyzing the influence of regional transportation investment structure on economic efficiency and distribution pattern. It is proposed that the key to the regional transportation investment structure optimization is the intervention intensity of the government on economic distribution pattern. The conclusion can provide strategic reference for decision making on regional transportation investment structure.