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| Digital Parallel Battlefield： A Review of Theory and Development Prospects |
| ZHANG Sipei1， XU Tianyang1， KANG Chuanhua1， CI Huipeng1， LIU Rui1，2 |
| 1. Shanghai Electro-Mechanical Engineering Institute， Shanghai 201109， China；
2. National Key Laboratory of Automatic Target Recognition （ATR）， Shanghai 201109， China |
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Abstract With the rapid development of information technology, modern warfare is transforming towards digitalisation, networking, and intelligence. As an advanced stage of the digital battlefield, the digital parallel battlefield leverages physical and virtual systems integration to provide innovative solutions for situational awareness, element coordination, and decision optimisation. This paper systematically reviewed the latest research on the digital parallel battlefield, analysing its theoretical foundations, military value, technical architecture, and practical applications. Key challenges within the field were identified, and future development trends were explored. The study highlighted the significant role of the digital parallel battlefield in enhancing joint operational capabilities, optimising command and control efficiency, and innovating military training models. In addition, challenges such as a lack of unified theoretical frameworks, delayed technical standards, and insufficient cross-domain coordination were given. In conclusion, with the continuous integration of artificial intelligence, big data, and other emerging technologies, the digital parallel battlefield will achieve broader applications in intelligence, collaboration, and service-oriented development.
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Received: 08 February 2025
Published: 15 July 2025
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2025, Vol. 8 
