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| Review of the Global Air and Missile Defense Weapon System Development in 2025 |
| XU Pei， CHEN Tianyu， LI Xingan， LIANG Zhuang |
| Shanghai Electro-Mechanical Engineering Institute，Shanghai 201109，China |
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Abstract In 2025, amid intensifying geopolitical confrontations and the rapid transformation of air and space offensive threats, traditional air and missile defense firepower equipment faces unprecedented penetration challenges. Particularly under combat conditions and system-of-systems empowerment, such equipment is undergoing accelerated evolution and upgrading. This paper reviews the development dynamics and technological trends of global air and missile defense firepower equipment in 2025. Firstly, it analyzes the progress in three domains: air defense, missile defense, and new-quality capabilities： across key nations and regions including the United States, Russia, Europe, and Israel. Secondly, it systematically summarizes the main characteristics in traditional equipment modernization, new-quality force development, and frontier technology exploration. Finally, it provides an assessment of global air and missile defense technological development trends, aiming to offer reference for the future construction of air and space defense capabilities.
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Received: 30 January 2026
Published: 06 May 2026
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2026, Vol. 9 
