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| Overview of the Development of Distributed Cross-Domain Collaborative Unmanned Operations Technology |
| WEI Gaole1， HE Chenggang2， RUAN Kaizhi2，3， YANG Haiming2，3 |
| 1. Unit 93128 of the Chinese People's Liberation Army， Beijing 100843， China；
2. Shanghai Electro-Mechanical Engineering Institute， Shanghai 201109， China；
3. Key Laboratory of Automatic Target Recognition （Shanghai）， Shanghai 201109， China |
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Abstract As modern warfare evolves toward intelligentization and all-domain operations, unmanned combat technology has transitioned from simple-task applications to core combat missions, and unmanned combat systems have entered a new stage of transformation from centralized platforms to distributed networks composed of cross-domain unmanned nodes. Distributed cross-domain cooperative capabilities have become a decisive factor in reshaping the warfare landscape. This paper reviews the development of distributed cross-domain cooperative unmanned combat technology at home and abroad, analyzes how recent regional conflicts have accelerated technological evolution, and identifies five key characteristics: functional distribution, intelligent decision-making, autonomous coordination, information networking, and cross-domain heterogeneous integration. Four key technologies and models are also analyzed: cooperative control, intelligent perception and information fusion, mission planning and decision control, and cross-domain heterogeneous networking. Finally, future development directions are outlined, including deep human-machine intelligence collaboration, resilient cooperation in highly contested environments, and intelligent game theory with adversarial machine learning. This paper aims to promote the leap of unmanned combat architecture from "physical assembly" to "intelligent fusion", providing reference for gaining the initiative in future military competition.
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Received: 23 March 2026
Published: 10 July 2026
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2026, Vol. 9 
