认知效度理据、概念、模型及实证研究综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2020.06.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

认知效度指考试任务在多大程度上引发了考生在真实语言使用中相似的认知过程,是Weir(2005)社会认知效度验证框架的重要内容。认知效度的引入不仅深化了对语言测试构念的理解,还为语言测试的效度验证提供了珍贵的过程证据,拓展了传统的以因子分析为主的结果导向型效度验证模式。本文简要梳理了认知效度的理据、概念引入和发展、认知模型及相关实证研究,指出认知效度研究在理论模型的构建、实证研究范围、研究方法以及研究成果应用等方面的局限性,旨在促进认知效度及其研究在考试开发和效度验证中发挥更大作用。

关键词: 语言测试, 认知效度, 认知过程, 构念, 效度验证

Abstract:

Cognitive validity, as an important aspect of Weir's socio-cognitive validation framework (2005), refers to the design of test tasks which elicit from test-takers cognitive processes similar to those required by language users in their real-life communicative domains. Weir's framework not only allows for a better understanding of the constructs measured in language tests, but also complements traditional construct validation studies which feature factor analysis in the production of validity evidence. This paper offers a careful review on cognitive validity in terms of its theoretical foundation, concept development, cognitive models and empirical studies. The paper also indicates certain limitations in relevant studies, in particular concerning their model use, scope, methodology and application of the findings. It is to be hoped that this short review will be of value for researchers in their exploration of cognitive validity, thus contributing more to test design and use, and to the whole language assessment validation process.

Key words: language assessment, cognitive validity, cognitive processes, construct, validation

中图分类号:

许皖栋, 辜向东. 认知效度理据、概念、模型及实证研究综述[J]. 当代外语研究, 2020, 20(6): 68-78.

XU Wandong, GU Xiangdong. Cognitive Validity: A Review of its Rationale, Definition, Models and Empirical Studies[J]. Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies, 2020, 20(6): 68-78.

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