知识论视角下的两种汉语提问模式

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2022.05.007

当代外语研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 58-69.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2022.05.007

知识论视角下的两种汉语提问模式

权立宏¹^,²(), 马金龙¹^,²()

1.广东外语外贸大学南国商学院,广州,510545
2.西安石油大学,西安,710065

出版日期:2022-10-28 发布日期:2022-11-11
作者简介:权立宏,广东外语外贸大学南国商学院教授。主要研究方向为会话分析、二语习得、社会语言学。电子邮箱:sallyquanli@126.com ;|马金龙,西安石油大学外国语学院副教授。主要研究方向为会话分析、中国典籍翻译。电子邮箱:437912459@qq.com
基金资助:
广东外语外贸大学南国商学院2022年度校级重点科研项目“知识论视角下的汉语自然会话中提问模式研究”(编号 22-002A)

Two Question Formats in Mandarin Chinese Conversation: An Epistemic Approach

QUAN Lihong¹^,²(), MA Jinlong¹^,²()

Online:2022-10-28 Published:2022-11-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为一种社会行为,提问普遍存在于自然会话和机构性谈话中。本研究使用会话分析的方法,基于自建的汉语口语语料库,从知识论视角探讨汉语会话中的“吗”提问句与“啊”提问句在形式、功能和知识表达方面存在的差异。结果表明:在形式上,“吗”提问句往往是重复先前话轮修正源并使用替换、增加和删减等自我修正方式来构成整个提问句。“啊”提问句主要是对修正源的完全或部分重复;在功能上,两种提问句均有发起修正和信息确认的作用,但“啊”提问句更多地表现出提问者对先前话者所传递信息的情感和态度。此外, “啊”提问句的使用者比“吗”提问句的使用者掌握更多确定的信息,其信息更接近修正源,知识差更小。

关键词: 提问, 疑问语气词, 会话分析, 知识论, 知识表达

Abstract:

Questions are pervasive in ordinary conversation and institutional talk. Using the methodology of conversation analysis, this study examines the differences between the ma-formatted questions and the a-formatted questions in Mandarin Chinese conversation in terms of form, function, and epistemic stance. The results show that: (1) ma-formatted questions tend to involve a range of self-repair operations such as replacing and addition, while a-formatted questions are usually in the form of partial or full repeats; (2) ma-formatted questions are inquiry-implicated while a-formatted questions contribute to constructing surprise, (dis)agreement, or (dis)belief; (3) a-formatted questions tend to present a stronger epistemic stance than ma-formulated questions.

Key words: questioning, question particles, Conversation Analysis, epistemics, epistemic stance

中图分类号:

H0-0

权立宏, 马金龙. 知识论视角下的两种汉语提问模式[J]. 当代外语研究, 2022, 22(5): 58-69.

QUAN Lihong, MA Jinlong. Two Question Formats in Mandarin Chinese Conversation: An Epistemic Approach[J]. Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies, 2022, 22(5): 58-69.

参考文献 31

[1]	Drew, P. 2013. “Turn design”[A]. In J. Sidnell & T. Stivers (eds.) The Handbook of Conversation Analysis[C]. London: Wiley-Blackwell. 131-149.
[2]	Dryer, M. S. 2013. Positions of interrogative phrases in content questions[EB/OL]. The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. [2021-06-25]. http://wals.info. Accessed on 25-06-2021.
[3]	Enfield, N. J. 2010. Questions and responses in Lao[J]. Journal of Pragmatics 42: 2649-2665. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2010.04.004 URL
[4]	Hayano, K. 2013. Question design in conversation[A]. In J. Sidnell & T. Stivers (eds.) The Handbook of Conversation Analysis[C]. London: Wiley-Blackwell: 395-414.
[5]	Hayashi, M. 2010. An overview of the question-response system in Japanese[J]. Journal of Pragmatics 42: 2685-2702. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2010.04.006 URL
[6]	Heritage, J. 1984. Garfinkel and Ethnomethodology[M]. Cambridge: Polity Press.
[7]	Heritage, J. 1998. Oh-prefaced responses to inquiry[J]. Language in Society 27(3): 291-334. doi: 10.1017/S0047404500019990 URL
[8]	Heritage, J. 2012a. The epistemic engine: Sequence organization and territories of knowledge[J]. Research on Language and Social Interaction 45 (1): 30-52. doi: 10.1080/08351813.2012.646685 URL
[9]	Heritage, J. 2012b. Epistemics in action: Action formation and territories of knowledge.[J]. Research on Language and Social Interaction 45 (1): 1-29. doi: 10.1080/08351813.2012.646684 URL
[10]	Heritage, J. & G. Raymond. 2012. Navigating epistemic landscapes: Acquiescence, agency and resistance in response to polar questions[A]. In In De Ruiter JP (ed.). Questions: Formal, Functional and Interactional Perspectives[C]. Cambrige: Cambridge University Press.
[11]	Jefferson, G. 1984. Transcription notation[A]. In J. M. Atkinson & J. Heritage (eds.). Structures of Social Actions: Studies in Conversation Analysis[C]. Cambrige: Cambridge University Press. ix-xvi.
[12]	Rossano, F. 2010. Questioning and responding in Italian[J]. Journal of Pragmatics 42: 2756-2771. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2010.04.010 URL
[13]	Sacks, H., E. A. Schegloff & G. Jefferson. 1974. A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation[J]. Language 50 (4): 696-735. doi: 10.1353/lan.1974.0010 URL
[14]	Sidnell, J. & T. Stivers. 2013.[A]. The Handbook of Conversation Analysis. London: Wiley-Blackwell.
[15]	Stivers, T. 2010. An overview of the question response system in American English conversation[J]. Journal of Pragmatics 42: 2772-2781. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2010.04.011 URL
[16]	Stivers, T. & N. J. Enfield. 2010. A coding scheme for question-response sequences in conversation[J]. Journal of Pragmatics 42: 2620-2026. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2010.04.002 URL
[17]	Stivers, T., N. J. Enfield & S. C. Levinson. 2010. Questioning-response sequences in conversation across ten languages[J]. Journal of Pragmatics 42: 2615-2619. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2010.04.001 URL
[18]	Tsai, I. N. 2011. Grammar as Situated Practices: Conversational Practices of Two Mandarin yes/no Question Formats in Talk-in-interaction[D]. Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles.
[19]	Wu, Ruey-Jiuan Regina. 2004. Stance in Ttalk: A Conversation Analysis of Mandarin Final Particles[D]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
[20]	Yoon, Kyung-Eun. 2010. Questions and responses in Korean conversation[J]. Journal of Pragmatics 42: 2782-2798. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2010.04.012 URL
[21]	方梅、谢心阳. 2021. 汉语对话中问句的解读--以反问句和陈述式问句为例[J]. 汉语学报 (1): 20-32.
[22]	冯胜利. 2015. 声调、语调与汉语的句末语气[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆.
[23]	郭锐. 2010. 现代汉语词类研究[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆.
[24]	陆俭明. 1984. 关于现代汉语里的疑问语气词[J]. 中国语文 (5): 330-337.
[25]	邵敬敏. 2012. 论语气词“啊”在疑问句中的作用暨方法论的反思[J]. 语言科学 (6): 596-603.
[26]	袁梦溪、原由理枝. 2019. 现代汉语“吗”问句与“A不A”问句的语义差[J]. 当代语言学 (3): 43-62.
[27]	杨才英. 2009. 论汉语语气词的人际意义[J]外国语文 (6): 26-32.
[28]	吴亚欣、于国栋. 2018. 汉语中“询问”言语行为不同句法表达的知识论解读[J]. 浙江外国语学院学报 (3): 36-45.
[29]	徐晶凝、许怡. 2021. “啊”字是非问与纯语调是非问[J]. 汉语学习 (4): 13-24.
[30]	袁家骅. 1960. 汉语方言概要[M]. 北京: 语文出版社.
[31]	赵元任. 1979. 汉语口语语法[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆.

知识论视角下的两种汉语提问模式

Two Question Formats in Mandarin Chinese Conversation: An Epistemic Approach

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 31

相关文章 5

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	蓝红军. 作为理论与方法的知识翻译学[J]. 当代外语研究, 2022, 22(2): 34-45.
[2]	彭卓, 安晓灿, 马丽伟. 大学英语教学中特指疑问建构的教师身份的知识论解释[J]. 当代外语研究, 2022, 22(1): 141-152.
[3]	李慧, 李泉灏, 乔权帝. 在线购物会话中的寒暄语变异研究[J]. 当代外语研究, 2015, 15(07): 17-22.
[4]	苗兴伟. 书面语篇中的提问-回答模式[J]. 当代外语研究, 2013, 13(09): 14-17.
[5]	杨雪燕;解敏;. 外语教师课堂提问的互动性分析[J]. 当代外语研究, 2012, 12(03): 142-148+162.