生成和理解是隐喻的两大机制,但传统的隐喻观并未能提供一个统一的理论框架来同时解释这两个问题。基于心智哲学有关感觉经验的物理属性和现象属性的区分,本文提出了隐喻的现象论,认为隐喻的生成和理解主要取决于说话人和听话人对本体和喻体现象属性的相似性认知,而且喻体投射到本体的现象属性通常是在特定的语境中比较凸显的典型的那部分属性,从而避免了彻底的相对主义。
Metaphor involves two mechanisms, i.e. production mechanism and understanding mechanism, and yet traditional theories of metaphor failed to provide a uniform theoretical framework to address both of them. Based on the distinction in the philosophy of mind between physical and phenomenal properties of sensory experience, this paper advances the phenomenal account of metaphor, arguing that the production and understanding of metaphor depends primarily on speaker’s and hearer’s similarity cognition of the phenomenal properties of both the tenor and the vehicle. It is further argued that the phenomenal properties projected from the tenor to the vehicle are more often than not those salient and stereotypical in a certain context, which helps to avoid radical relativism.
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