本文认为“道”与“Logos”所代表的思维模式是中西思想文化差异的根源。“道”和“Logos”是中西方各自形而上的概念,表征世界的终极真理,关键差别则在于前者不可言说,而后者则是可言说的。把为真的道理清楚无误地说出来,导致了思维的思辨性倾向,而不可言说则导致了关于真理的神秘领悟。这与语言形态是无关的。中国古代倾向于说出道理的思想家已经走上了严格意义上的哲学道路。汉语并非思辨理性思维模式的障碍。
This paper holds that the core difference between China and the west in intellectual culture is represented by “Dao” and “Logos”, which are respectively Chinese and western metaphysical conceptualization of the ultimate truth of the world. However, the two concepts differ fundamentally in that while the Dao cannot be said, the logos is embodied in language. The belief that the truth has to be said clearly and unmistakably leads to a speculative mode of thought, while the belief that the truth cannot be said results in a mysterious insightful experience. This has not much to do with the morphological types of languages. In ancient China, those who advocated the clear and unmistakable statement of what is true had already embarked on the path towards a rationalist philosophy in the true sense of the word. The Chinese language is not a barrier blocking the occurrence of speculative rationalism in China.
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