系统功能语言学框架下的汉语归附小句指没有系动词或相应动词成分的关系过程小句,可进一步分为形容词谓语式、体词谓语式和主谓谓语式三类。本文关注归附小句的特点以及翻译中所带来的小句及物性的转换,包括及物性过程的变更、删减、及物性等级的高低变化以及及物性的隐喻式表达等。这些变化有的是语言系统中句法结构本身的要求,有的是因为语言成分性质的不同,有的则是谋篇布局、优化语篇的需要。不同语言识解经验的方式存在差异,这种差异在翻译中重构经验意义时便体现为不同的及物性,因此经验功能的对等并不一定意味着及物性的匹配,翻译要符合译语语言识解世界经验的特点。
In systemic functional linguistics, Chinese ascriptive clause refers to a kind of relational clause without a verbal phrase. It could be further divided into three types: the one with nominal as predicate, with adjective as predicate, and with subject-predicate phrase as predicate. This paper is mainly concerned with the features of Chinese ascriptive clauses and the transitivity shifts caused during the process of translation, including process type shifts, process deletion, transitivity scale moderation and the employment of metaphorical transitivity expressions. Those shifts are caused by either language structure, or distinctive status of nominals and adjectives in Chinese and English, or the need to optimize discourse. Languages have different ways of construing experience. The transference of experiential function does not guarantee the matching of transitivity types. Translation should conform to the features of construing experience in the target language.
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