预期性是人类与生俱来的一种能力,在语言加工中得到更加充分的体现。本文介绍了人脑预期加工效应的普遍性,从非语言知识到语言知识的各个层面,预期性效应无处不在。定中结构与其他结构一样,在加工中表现出自下而上和自上而下两种加工模式的有机结合,前者触发基于语言规则的局部预期效应,后者触发基于语境的语境预期效应。可预期的语言成分比不可预期或低预期的语言成分加工更容易,消耗的认知资源更少。
Prediction is an ability we human beings are endowed with at birth and finds its best expression in language processing. This paper aims to review the ubiquitous prediction effect as our brain is involved in processing. The effect comes up in many situations, ranging from non-linguistic areas to all the levels of language. During the processing, attribute-head constructions just like the others observe a general combination of two processing models , bottom-up (which triggers linguistic rule-based local prediction effect) and top-down models (which triggers context-based contextual prediction effect). Predictable linguistic elements are easier to process than non-predictable or low-predictable elements, and consume less cognitive resources as a result.
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