生命度和事件结构都是动词反致使化的核心语义元素。事件结构影响动词表达的事件类型;词汇语义表征为包含外部致使子事件和状态改变子事件的复合事件结构,是动词反致使化的语义标准之一。生命度影响动词论元的语义角色:首先,动词的主语论元应不受生命度的限制,既可以指具有高度施事性的人或有生动物,也可以指无施事性的自然力等无生事物;其次,动词的客体论元应表示无生命事物,语料库检索结果显示此处的无生物不仅仅指具体有形的物质实体,也包括抽象事物。修饰语在反致使句式中的分布也可以证实论元语义角色的生命度限制。
Both of animacy and event structure are core semantic elements of anticausativization of verbs. Event structure determines the eventual types that verbs express, and animacy influences the semantic roles of verbs' arguments. One of essential semantic conditions of anticausativization is verbs' complex event structural representation, which must consist an external causal sub event and a state change sub event. Then, the subject argument should not be constrained by animacy, for it refers to either human or other animals of high agency or such inanimate objects as natural forces; while the theme argument should refer to inanimate objects which include concrete physical objects and abstract things confirmed by COCA corpus. The modifiers in anticausative structures also confirm the constraint of animacy on the choice of verbs' arguments.
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