翻译是基于译者主体认知行为的跨语言知识加工、重构和再传播的文化行为和社会实践。从人类认知机制的视角来阐释作为人类知识行为的翻译,旨在阐明提出知识翻译学的必要性和合理性,推动知识翻译学在理论和方法上的突破。本文探讨知识翻译学和认知翻译学之间的相通及互补之处,在佐证知识翻译学的必要性和合理性的同时,指出可以把认知翻译学视为知识翻译学的一部分,认为在认知科学视域下可以开展的知识翻译学研究课题主要有:翻译过程中,如何通过隐喻、转喻、心理空间等认知机制进行知识的概念化;复杂翻译空间中大脑思维活动、语言心理加工的情况;经由翻译而产生、传播的知识如何实现认识、评价、改变、阐释等方面的建构功能从而实现翻译的知识产出和传播等。

Translation is a cultural behavior and social practice based on the translator’s cognitive activities of cross language knowledge processing, reconstruction and redissemination. From the perspective of human cognitive mechanism, this paper attempts to clarify the necessity and rationality of Knowledge Translatology, and promote the breakthrough of this new concept in theory and method. This paper discusses the similarities and complementarities between Knowledge Translatology and Cognitive Translatology and points out that Cognitive Translatology can be regarded as one part of the studies of Knowledge Translatology, and suggests future research topics from the perspective of cognitive science,i.e.: the use of metaphor, metonymy and mental space in conceptualizing knowledge; brain thinking activities and language psychological processing in the complex translation space; realization of the constructive functions of cognition, evaluation, changing and interpretation of knowledge generated and transmitted through translation, etc.