本文以博尔丁的国家形象理论框架为基础,通过调查问卷,对德国高中生心目中的中国形象及其成因、德国中学教育对德国中学生“中国形象”建构所起的作用等问题进行研究。研究发现,德国高中生有清晰的地理、物理及心理三个层面的中国形象,学校教育对其中国形象的构建起关键性作用,其次是大众传媒,其他因素影响相对较小。研究还发现德国中学生对中国形象的建构存在错位现象,这种错位形象有其历史与心理因由。国家形象的异域构建,特别是域外青少年心中的形象构建应重点关注学校教育,尤其是相关教材和课堂教学;要展现真实、立体、全面的中国形象需拓宽异域构建的途径。

Based on Boulding’s theoretical framework of image theory and information collected through a questionnaire, this paper explores German high school students’image of China, including what the image is like, how the image is constructed and what role school education plays in the construction of this image. Results show that German high school students have clear geographic, physical and psychological images of China. The main factors that influence their construction of China’s image are first and foremost formal school education and then mass media. Other factors are rarely mentioned by students in the survey. The results also show that German high school students have mismatched image of China due to historical and psychological reasons. We believe that in the construction of China’s image, particularly among young people in other countries, attention should be focused on formal school education, especially course material development and classroom teaching. In addition, more approaches should be taken in order to present a true, multidimensional and panoramic view of China to the world. Relevant suggestions were presented at the end of the article.