语言冲突是国家语言安全研究的重要议题之一。在总体国家安全观视域下,国家语言安全能力建设不仅应关注国家语言能力和语言资源研究,也需要加强对中国周边国家的语言冲突问题的研究,服务于国家总体安全能力建设。本文首先厘清语言冲突的概念,根据语言规划的相关理论构建分析框架,并通过语料库研究方法构建语言安全数据库。研究发现:在特征方面,地位规划及少数民族语言教育所导致的语言冲突表现为多层级语言观的复杂对立,而与本体规划和外语教育相关的案例则主要反映层级内部语言观的矛盾。在成因方面,主体民族、部分精英群体以及少数民族语言和外语教育中的问题观是中国周边国家语言冲突的主要源头。重视周边国家语言冲突问题,强化国家语言安全能力的建设,有助于提升和拓展总体国家安全能力。

Language conflict constitutes one of the central concerns in research on national language security. Under the holistic view of national security, the development of national language security capabilities should encompass not only an exploration of national language capabilities and language resources but also a significant focus on investigating language conflicts in China's neighboring countries. This expanded perspective serves to enhance the construction of holistic national security. This study first clarifies the concept of language conflict, and then conceives an analytical framework based on relevant theories of language planning. A language security database is then built through corpus method. The study finds that: in terms of characteristics, language conflicts arising from status planning and minority language education demonstrate complex inter-level oppositions of orientations in language planning, while cases related to corpus planning and foreign language education primarily reflect intra-level contradictions of these orientations. In terms of causes, the primary sources of language conflicts in China's neighboring countries include the language-as-problem orientation held by dominant ethnic groups, certain elite groups, and manifested in acquisition planning of minority and foreign languages. Paying attention to language conflicts in neighboring countries and strengthening the construction of national language security capabilities will help improve and expand holistic national security capacity.