Abstract: In the new era, some new characteristics have appeared in translation, to which scholars have given sufficient attention. Focusing on the dilemmas and problems in the translation study at present, the article probes the following four aspects: the nature of translation, the value of translation, the ethical principles of translation, and Chinese Culture “Going Out”. The author points out that translation study should grasp the essential characteristics of translation, construct the historical view and value orientation of translation, and at the same time, respond to the important problems in reality.