Abstract: This paper investigates into the modernity and revolutionariness as well as the limitations in Saussure's theory so as to explain why he is entitled as “the father of modern linguistics” based on Floris Cohen's study on the evolution of modern science. The deep reasons of the deficiency in theoretical innovation in Chinese linguistic field is explored into in accordance with Cohen's arguments on the distinct approaches to the understanding of nature between Chinese and Western civilizations. Finally, the methodological principles for the scientific development of Chinese linguistics is advanced.