Abstract: Trans-national literature, which depicts Culture B in Language A, is a special type of literary works that emerges in great number with globalization. Translating these works into Language B and bringing them back into Culture B, is a special translation phenomenon—cultural back-translation. Taking the Chinese translations of Pearl Buck's China novel The Good Earth as a case study, this paper makes comprehensive exploration of cultural back-translation. The author believes that the study of cultural back-translation should center on dual contextualization, “Self-Other” relation and intertextual construction of Self image.