On May 28, 2022, the Second Symposium on National Translation Capacity: Theory and Practice was convened at Beijing Foreign Studies University. Held one year after China’s central leadership’s call to action to enhance the country’s international communication capacity, the symposium provided an occasion for translation scholars to review the latest progress and challenges in the area. This paper summarizes the various new topics of and approaches to national translation capacity building raised at the symposium, and identifies ways to further strengthen China’s national translation capacity in the future.