Foreign language education in the new era should promote the organic and effective combination of foreign language course-based (FLC-based for short) ideological and political education, explore the theoretical basis and practical path of FLC-based ideological and political education, give full play to the function of foreign language courses in cultivating talents, integrate and highlight the value of Chinese civilization and Chinese culture, demonstrate the superiority of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and provide new ideas, new categories and new expressions for improving China’s ability to participate in global governance. The term a human community with a shared future demonstrates China’s commitment to solving global issues and its determination to promote shared development of the world. By taking the diachronic changes in the English translation of “a human community with a shared future” as an example, this article expounds the reasons behind the changes over the past decade in the English translation of this important political concept and accounts for China’s emphasis on building an international discourse system with Chinese characteristics and its unremitting efforts to enhance a good national image. It goes on to propose that doing a good job in the translation and teaching of political terms in foreign language classrooms is the mission of strengthening FLC-based ideological and political education so as to achieve synchronous effects in ideological and political education, professional ability improvement, and the construction of China’s international discourse system.