2021年西藏山南市居民全因死亡监测数据分析

doi:10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.06.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的： 分析2021年西藏自治区山南市居民的死亡特征，了解死亡原因及死因顺位，为制定相关防控策略提供依据。方法： 利用死亡率、标化死亡率、寿命损失年数（years of life lost， YLL）、早死概率、期望寿命指标，对2021年西藏自治区山南市居民的全因死亡数据进行分析。结果： 2021年西藏自治区山南市居民的总死亡率为500.3/10万（标化率1 060.9/10万）；男性死亡率为539.2/10万（标化率1 282.5/10万），女性死亡率为462.5/10万（标化率889.5/10万），男性死亡率高于女性；总死亡YLL为35 998.8年，男性为20 827.0年，女性为15 171.8年。居民前5位死因顺位分别是脑血管病、心脏病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、传染病，这5类疾病占报告死亡数的71.7%。慢性非传染性疾病占全死因的68.4%；四大类主要慢病早死概率为17.5%，男性为21.9%，女性为13.5%。山南市居民的期望寿命为75.3岁，男性为72.9岁，女性为77.7岁。结论： 西藏自治区山南市居民中四大类主要慢病患者的早死概率高于全国水平，且四大类主要慢病是该市居民的主要死因。降低慢性病患者的过早死亡和YLL是预防和控制慢性病的主要目标。

关键词: 死亡率, 死因顺位, 早死概率, 寿命损失年数

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the death characteristics of residents in Shannan City, Tibet autonomous region in 2021 for understanding the causes of death and the sequence of causes of death, and provide a basis for formulating re-levant prevention and control strategies. Methods: Indicators of mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, years of life lost (YLL), probability of premature death, and life expectancy to reflect causes of death were analyzed in Shannan City in 2021. Results: In 2021, the total mortality rate of residents in Shannan City was 500.3/100 000 (standardized rate 1060.9/100,000); the male mortality rate was 539.2/100 000 (standardized rate 1 282.5/100, 000); the female mortality rate was 462.5/100 000 (standardized rate 889.5/100 000). The mortality rate of males was higher than that of females. The total mortality YLL was 35 998.8, among which there was 20 827.0 for males and 15171.8 for females. The top five causes of death among residents were cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, malignant tumor, respiratory system disease, and infectious disease, accounting for 71.7% of the reported deaths. Chronic non-communicable diseases accounted for 68.4% of all deaths. The probability of premature death from the four main chronic diseases was 17.5%, among which there was 21.9% for men and 13.5% for women. The life expectancy of residents in Shannan was 75.3 years, 72.9 years for men and 77.7 years for women. Conclusions: The probability of premature death among Shannan city residents for four major categories of chronic diseases is higher than the national level, and the four major categories of chronic diseases are still the main causes of death in Shannan City residents. Reducing premature death and YLL from chronic diseases is the main goal of preventing and controlling chronic diseases.

Key words: Mortality rate, Sequence of causes of death, Probability of premature death, Years of life lost

中图分类号:

R195
R445.4

占堆, 尼玛卓玛, 多吉, 平措卓玛, 齐金蕾. 2021年西藏山南市居民全因死亡监测数据分析[J]. 诊断学理论与实践, 2023, 22(06): 562-566.

ZHAN Dui, NIMA Zhuoma, DOU Ji, PINGCUO Zhuoma, QI Jinlei. Analysis of all-cause mortality data of residents in Shannan City, Tibet, 2021[J]. Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice, 2023, 22(06): 562-566.

图/表 4

表1

表2

表3

表4

参考文献 11

[1]	国家卫生计生委疾病预防控制局. 中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告-2015[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2016:48-50.
	Disease Prevention and Control Bureau of the National Health and Family Planning Commission. Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of Chinese Residents-2015[M]. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 2016:48-50.
[2]	沙琼玥, 范宁, 郭淑玲, 等. 2020年青海省不同人群死因数据分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2022, 37(7):907-911.
	SHA Q Y, FAN N, GUO S L, et al. Data of death causes in different populations in Qinghai,2020[J]. Dis Surveil, 2022, 37(7):907-911.
[3]	尼玛卓玛, 日巴益西, 付中喜. 2018年西藏自治区山南市居民死因监测结果分析[J]. 公共卫生与预防医学, 2020, 31(3):142-144.
	NI M Z M, RI B Y X, FU Z X. Surveillance of death causes among residents in Shannan City of Tibet Autonomous Region in 2018[J]. J of Pub Health and Prev Med, 2020, 31(3):142-144.
[4]	者炜, 张俊, 董言, 等. 2018年新疆监测点居民死因资料分析[J]. 中国健康教育, 2021, 37(6):520-524.
	ZHE W, ZHANG J, DONG Y, et al. Analysis on causes of death among residents in Xinjiang,2018[J]. Chin J Health Educ, 2021, 37(6):520-524.
[5]	谢四化, 傅玲娟, 黄卓婷, 等. 柯桥区居民死因监测结果分析[J]. 预防医学, 2022, 34(7):738-742.
	XIE S H, FU L J, HUANG Z T, et al. Surveillance on causes of death in Keqiao District[J]. Prev Med, 2022, 34(7):738-742.
[6]	杨雯, 温瑞, 刘悦, 等. 2019年开封市居民死因监测分析[J]. 河南预防医学杂志, 2021, 32(2):156-160.
	YANG W, WEN R, LIU Y, et al. Surveillance and analysis of death causes in residents of Kaifeng,2019[J]. Henan J Prev Med, 2021, 32(2):156-160.
[7]	杨雯雯. 2020年郑州市中原区居民死因监测结果[J]. 河南预防医学杂志, 2022, 33(4):288-290,320.
	YANG W W. Results of death-cause surveillance among residents in Zhongyuan district of Zhengzhou in 2020[J]. Henan J Prev Med, 2022, 33(4):288-290,320.
[8]	侯爱平, 王蕊, 颜俊, 等. 2015-2019年曲阜市居民死因监测分析[J]. 预防医学论坛, 2021, 27(6):452-456.
	HOU A P, WANG R, YAN J, et al. Analysis on death cause monitoring,Qufu city,2015-2019[J]. Prev Med Trib, 2021, 27(6):452-456.
[9]	高跟霞, 欧志秀, 住国蓉. 2017-2019年甘肃省靖远县居民死因监测分析[J]. 疾病预防控制通报, 2021, 36(3):47-49,74.
	GAO G X, OU Z X, ZHU G R. Monitoring and analysis of causes of death among residents in Jingyuan County, Gansu Province from 2017 to 2019[J]. Bull Dis Control Prev Jun, 2021, 36(3):47-49,74.
[10]	黄莉莉, 蔡志成, 张瀚中, 等. 2014-2018年中山市居民主要慢性病早死概率及变化趋势分析[J]. 热带医学杂志, 2020, 20(6):843-846,856.
	HUANG L L, CAI Z C, ZHANG H Z, et al. Premature mortality and trend analysis of major chronic diseases among Zhongshan residents from 2014 to 2018[J]. J Trop Med, 2020, 20(6):843-846,856.
[11]	韩俊义, 马承才, 陕国清. 青海省海东市循化县2020年居民死因分析[J]. 青海医药杂志, 2022, 52(2):48-50.
	HAN J Y, MA C C, SHAN G Q. Analysis of causes of death among residents in Xunhua County, Haidong City, Qinghai Province in 2020[J]. Qinghan Med J, 2022, 52(2):48-50.

Sex	Mortality rate (/100 000)	Standardized mortality rate (/100 000)	Years of life lost	Annual life loss (/100 000)	Annualized life loss (/100 000)
Male	389.4	1 282.5	20 827.0	15 639.0	28 987.8
Female	334.0	889.5	15 171.8	11 085.7	18 458.6
Total	361.3	1 060.9	35 998.8	13 331.3	23 239.6

Age group (year）	Male			Female			Total
Age group (year）	Deaths (n)	Population （n）	Mortality （/100 000）	Deaths (n)	Population （n）	Mortality （/100 000）	Deaths (n)	Population （n）	Mortality （/100 000）
0	2	2 994	66.80	1	3 214	31.11	3	6 208	48.32
1-4	6	12 178	49.27	4	13 238	30.22	10	25 416	39.35
5-9	3	15 820	18.96	3	17 173	17.47	6	32 993	18.19
10-14	2	16 336	12.24	2	17 154	11.66	4	33 490	11.94
15-19	5	14 131	35.38	2	14 538	13.76	7	28 669	24.42
20-24	5	13 543	36.92	5	12 376	40.40	10	25 919	38.58
25-29	14	16 108	86.91	6	14 445	41.54	20	30 553	65.46
30-34	14	21 406	65.40	6	20 388	29.43	20	41 794	47.85
35-39	22	14 756	149.09	6	14 567	41.19	28	29 323	95.49
40-44	25	10 882	229.74	7	10 542	66.40	32	21 424	149.37
45-49	25	11 842	211.11	20	11 833	169.02	45	23 675	190.07
50-54	41	12 172	336.84	29	12 334	235.12	70	24 506	285.64
55-59	66	8 356	789.85	44	9 682	454.45	110	18 038	609.82
60-64	72	4 787	1 504.07	51	5 494	928.29	123	10 281	1 196.38
65-69	89	4 049	2 198.07	50	5 034	993.25	139	9 083	1 530.33
70-74	110	2 465	4 462.47	95	3 372	2 817.32	205	5 837	3 512.08
75-79	84	1 403	5 987.17	86	2 034	4 228.12	170	3 437	4 946.17
80-84	71	730	9 726.03	112	1 208	9 271.52	183	1 938	9 442.72
85+	62	441	14 058.96	104	878	11 845.10	166	1 319	12 585.29

Name of disease	Male			Female			Total
Name of disease	Mortality rate (/100 000)	Composition (%)	Ranking list	Mortality rate (/100 000)	Composition (%)	Ranking list	Mortality rate (/100 000)	Composition (%)	Ranking list	chi-square value	P value
Cerebrovascular disease	109	27.99	1	90.76	27.17	1	99.76	27.61	1	3.120	1.9
Heart disease	68.33	17.55	2	85.49	25.59	2	77.03	21.32	2	3.570	5.0
Malignancy	44.47	11.42	3	26.38	7.9	4	35.3	9.77	3	8.560	0.003
Disease of respiratory system	29.83	7.66	4	30.08	9	3	29.95	8.29	4	<0.001	<0.001
Infectious disease	22.78	5.29	5	11.08	7.58	5	16.85	6.37	5	7.590	3.3
Digestive system disease	22.23	5.85	6	9.5	3.32	6	15.78	4.66	6	9.610	1.1
Harm	17.9	4.6	7	5.8	1.74	7	11.77	3.26	7	11.610	7.7
Nervous system disease	3.8	0.97	8	4.75	1.42	8	4.28	1.18	8	0.200	1.9
Disease of the genitourinary system	3.8	0.97	9	4.22	1.26	9	4.01	1.11	9	0.040	4.8
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases	3.25	0.84	10	2.64	0.79	10	2.94	0.81	10	0.120	5.4

Name of disease	Mortality			Life lost (years)			Life loss rate (/100 000)			Standardized life loss rate (/100 000)
Name of disease	Male	Female	Subtotal	Male	Female	Subtotal	Male	Female	Subtotal	Male	Female	Subtotal
Cerebrovascular diseas	201	172	373	5 143.4	4 050.7	9 194.1	3 862.2	2 959.8	3 404.8	8 105.3	5 042.4	6 373.7
Heart diseas	126	162	288	2 820.5	3 079.5	5 900.0	2 117.9	2 250.1	2 184.9	5 017.1	4 338.6	4 654.7
Malignancy	82	50	132	2 578.7	1 512.2	4 090.9	1 936.4	1 104.9	1 515.0	3 444.9	1 716.5	2 505.3
Disease of respiratory system	55	57	112	1 178.4	1 257.5	2 435.9	884.9	918.8	902.1	2 151.7	1 594.3	1 801.9
Infectious disease	42	21	63	1 508.1	588.5	2 096.5	1 132.4	430.0	776.4	1 745.6	689.9	1 186.4
Digestive system disease	41	18	59	1 393.5	432.5	1 825.9	1 046.4	316.0	676.2	1 696.7	571.9	1 096.9
Harm	33	11	44	1 907.1	526.5	2 433.6	1 432.0	384.7	901.2	1 272.4	394.4	838.8
Nervous system disease	7	9	16	400.3	394.8	795.1	300.6	288.5	294.4	281.3	305.2	297.1
Disease of the genitourinary system	7	8	15	290.2	295.3	585.5	217.9	215.7	216.8	274.1	281.4	281.7
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases	6	5	11	109.5	120.8	230.3	82.2	88.3	85.3	235.9	162.8	187.7