Objective: To explore the relationship between plasma total testosterone and osteocalcin levels in males with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 146 males with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted from January 2018 through June 2020 were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into four groups according to the level of osteocalcin: Q1 group (<8.0 nmol/L), Q2 group (8.0-<10.9) nmol/L, Q3 group (10.9-<14.7 nmol/L) and Q4 group (≥14.7 nmol/L). The parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism and total testosterone levels were compared among groups and multiple linear regression was adopted to analyze the relationship of osteocalcin, total testosterone and other indexes. Results: It revealed that 58 (39.72%) patients also had hypogonadism, with the level of osteocalcin decreased to (11.27±5.62) nmol/L, significantly lower than patients with normal gonadal function(13.22±5.83 nmol/L)(P<0.05). The total testosterone level in males with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes increased along with osteocalcin (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that osteocalcin was positively correlated with total testosterone, serum creatinine and serum calcium (P<0.05). Partial correlation analysis showed that after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, serum creatinine, blood calcium, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting insulin (FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin resistance index(HOMR-IR), the level of osteocalcin was still positively correlated with total testosterone(P<0.01). Patients with higher osteocalcin had higher levels of total testosterone and blood calcium(Q4 Group), but lower BMI, HOMR-IR, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that high osteocalcin was an independent factor for elevated level of total testosterone (β value 0.197, P<0.05). Conclusions: Plasma total testosterone level is positively correlated with osteocalcin in newly diagnosed male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.