目的：探讨区域内需住院肺炎的发病率和疾病负担。方法：筛选2013—2018年上海市嘉定区所有医疗机构经脱敏的出院患者报表,出院诊断使用ICD-10编码。将主要诊断ICD-10编码为J13-J18的患者作为肺炎患者。2013—2018年嘉定区常住人口数取自《上海统计年鉴》;性别及年龄构成比统一取用2015年上海市1%人口抽样调查中嘉定区的调查结果。结果：2013—2018年,嘉定区共有出院患者598 598例次,其中以肺炎为主要诊断的患者25 204例次,占出院患者的4.21%,平均住院天数为11.5 d,均次住院总费用为6 921元。总体需住院肺炎的发病率为2.67/（1 000人·年）,发病率在<1岁组最高,38.09/（1 000人·年）,随年龄增长迅速下降,25~29岁组为最低,0.23/（1 000人·年）,之后随年龄增长逐渐升高,≥95岁组升高至19.81/（1 000人·年）。<5岁和≥70岁男性需住院肺炎发病率显著高于同年龄段的女性;5~9、20~34和50~59岁的男性需住院肺炎发病率显著低于同年龄段的女性。肺炎患者在院死亡率为1.75%,儿童、少年、中青年肺炎患者在院死亡率很低,老年肺炎患者在院死亡率较高,且随年龄增长进行性升高,90~94岁组达11.28%。结论：嘉定区需住院肺炎的发病率为2.67/（1 000人·年）,老年人群的肺炎发病率、在院死亡率均较高。老年肺炎的防治将是人口老龄化的一个重要问题。

Objective To acquire data regarding to the incidence and prevalence of pneumonia requiring hospitalization in Shanghai, China. Methods All patients with diagnosis recorded using International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision (ICD-10), discharged or died from any medical institutions in Jiading District of Shanghai, from 2013 to 2018, were screened. The clinical data of patients with pneumonia and main diagnosis coded in J13-J18 were collected. The number of residents in Jiading District from 2013 to 2018 was taken from the Shanghai Statistical Yearbook; the gender and age composition ratio were uniformly taken from the 1% population sampling survey in Shanghai in 2015. Results From 2013 to 2018, there were 598 598 discharged patients in Jiading District, including 25 204 patients(4.21%) with pneumonia as the main diagnosis. The average length of hospitalization was 11.5 d, and the average hospitalization cost was 6 921 yuan. The annual incidence of pneumonia requiring hospitalization was 2.67 per 1 000 population. The highest prevalence was found in the infants lower than 1 year old, 38.09 per 1 000 population, and the incidence declined dramatically in elder population, with the lowest annual incidence, 0.23 per 1 000 population, observed in age group of 25-29 years. The incidence increased in elder population and age group of over 95 years old had an annual incidence of 19.81 per 1 000 population. The incidence in men under 5 and above 70 years old was significantly higher than that in women of the same age group. The incidence rate of pneumonia in man with 5-9 years old, 20-34 years old and 50-59 years old was significantly lower than that in women of the same age group. The average inhospital mortality of pneumonia was 1.75%. The mortality of children, adolescents, young and middle-aged patients was very low. The mortality of elderly patients was higher and increased with age. The mortality rate of 90-94 years old group was 11.28%. Conclusions The annual incidence rate of pneumonia in Jiading District is 2.67 per 1 000 population. The incidence and mortality in the elderly are very high. The prevention and treatment of pneumonia in elderly is an important issue in the aging of population.