目的：通过分析健康体检人群的检查结果,了解云南白族成年人尿检和肾功能检查异常的情况,为中国西南地区慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）防治提供流行病学依据。方法：回顾性收集并分析2019年1月至12月于云南省大理白族自治州剑川县人民医院体检中心进行常规体检的白族成年人群的尿常规及肾功能检查结果,使用CKD流行病合作工作组（CKD Epidemiology Collaboration,CKD-EPI）公式计算肾小球滤过率（glomerular filtration rate,GFR）。统计体检人群尿检异常情况及肾功能结果,比较并分析不同性别及年龄段之间结果的差异性。结果：本研究共纳入健康体检人群1 200名,均为白族,平均年龄（41.64±11.55）岁,其中男性716名（59.7%）。共有366例（30.5%）体检者出现尿检异常,包括300例（25.0%）镜下血尿以及113例（9.4%）蛋白尿。女性血尿检出率显著高于男性（35.9%比17.6%, χ²=51.88,P<0.001）,而男性蛋白尿检出率显著高于女性（11.7%比6.0%, χ²=11.15,P<0.001）。87.3%体检者GFR≥90 mL/(min·1.73㎡),GFR<60 mL/(min·1.73㎡)体检者仅6例（0.5%）。线性相关分析提示,GFR与年龄呈负相关（r=-0.655,P<0.001）。结论：健康体检是筛查肾脏疾病的重要途径。云南地区白族成年人尿常规及肾功能检查异常率较高,需要引起临床医师重视。

Objective To identify the abnormal urine test and renal function of Bai ethnic adults in Yunnan Province by analyzing their physical examination results and provide epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease（CKD） in South Western China. Methods The results of single urine test and renal function of the participants receiving medical examination from January to December 2019 in the Center of Medical Examination of the People’s Hospital of Jianchuan were collected retrospectively. The CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula was used to calculate glomerular filtration rate(GFR) and the results were compared and analyzed between different gender and age groups. Results A total of 1 200 Bai ethnic participants were enrolled in our study and the average age was (41.64±11.55) years. 716(59.7%) cases were male and 366 cases in male (30.5%) were abnormal in the urine test, including 300 (25.0%) cases of microscopic hematuria and 113(9.4%) cases of proteinuria. The female participants had a higher prevalence of microscopic hematuria(35.9% vs 17.6%, χ²=51.88, P<0.001) than male, while the male participants had a higher prevalence of proteinuria(11.7% vs 6.0%, χ²=11.15, P<0.001). In renal function, the GFR in 87.3% of the participants was superior to 90 mL/(min·1.73㎡), only 6(0.5%) participates’ GFR were inferior to 60 mL/(min·1.73㎡). GFR decreased gradually with age. Conclusions Physical examination is an important way to screen renal diseases. The rate of abnormal urine test and renal function was high in Bai ethnic adults in Yunnan Province and it should attract the attention of clinicians.