目的：评估肝硬化住院患者的营养风险状况，探讨其与临床转归的关系。方法：选择2020年6月至2022年6月收治于上海市某三级甲等医院感染科的401例肝硬化患者为研究对象，采用皇家自由医院营养优先筛查工具（the Royal Free Hospital-nutritional prioritizing tool，RFH-NPT）进行营养风险评价，比较不同营养风险肝硬化患者在一般资料、疾病特征、实验室指标和临床转归方面的差异。结果：401例患者中86例（21.45%）存在中度营养风险，122例（30.42%）为高度营养风险；不同营养风险患者的病因分类、终末期肝病模型（model for end-stage liver disease，MELD）评分、Child-Pugh分级、腹水量以及血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、甘油三酯和血红蛋白等实验室指标差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；随营养风险等级升高，感染、上消化道出血和电解质紊乱的发生率上升，日常生活活动能力评分下降（P<0.05）。结论：存在中高度营养风险的肝硬化患者较低风险者肝功能损害更严重，并发症发生率高且临床预后差。

Objective To evaluate the nutritional risk in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and explore the relationship between nutritional risk and clinical prognosis. Methods A total of 401 patients with cirrhosis admitted to the infectious diseases department of a grade-Ⅲ hospital in Shanghai from June 2020 to June 2022 were selected as study subjects. The nutritional risk assessment was performed using the Royal Free Hospital-nutrition prioritizing tool (RFH-NPT), and the general information, disease status, laboratory indicators, and clinical prognosis of cirrhosis patients with different nutritional risks were compared. Results In 401 patients, 86 (21.45%) cases had moderate nutritional risk, and 122 (30.42%) cases had high nutritional risk. There were differences in etiological classification, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, Child-Pugh grade, abdominal water volume and laboratory indexes of serum albumin, prealbumin, triglyceride and hemoglobin among patients with different nutritional risks (P < 0.05). With the increase of nutritional risk grade, the incidence of infection, upper gastrointestinal bleeding and electrolyte disturbance increased, and the score of activity of daily living decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusions Cirrhosis patients with moderate to high nutritional risk have severer liver function impairment, high complication rate and poor clinical prognosis compared to those at lower risk.