目的：编制重症监护室（intensive care unit, ICU）护士成人人工气道管理能力问卷,并检验其信度和效度。方法：通过文献分析、德尔菲专家函询和预调查形成ICU护士成人人工气道管理能力初始问卷。采用便利抽样法，于2024年4月至6月选取上海、哈尔滨2所三级甲等医院的366名ICU护士开展问卷调查，进行项目分析、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析和信度检验。结果：最终形成的问卷包括人工气道吸痰、人工气道气囊管理、人工气道并发症预防和人工气道拔管护理4个维度，共32个条目。探索性因子分析共提取4个公因子，各条目因子载荷为0.403～0.968，累计方差贡献率为68.97%。验证性因子分析结果显示，模型拟合指标符合标准，问卷结构稳定。问卷总体内容效度指数为1.00，总Cronbach’s α系数为0.98，分半信度为0.93，重测信度为0.99。结论：ICU护士成人人工气道管理能力问卷具有良好的信度和效度，可作为评估ICU护士人工气道管理能力的工具。

Objective To develop a questionnaire on adult artificial airway management competence for intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Methods A preliminary questionnaire on the competence of ICU nurses in managing adult artificial airways was formulated through literature review, Delphi expert consultation and a pilot survey. Using convenience sampling, 366 ICU nurses from two tertiary grade A hospitals in Shanghai and Harbin were surveyed from April to June 2024. Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and reliability test were conducted. Results The final questionnaire consisted of 32 items across 4 dimensions: artificial airway suctioning, endotracheal tube cuff management, prevention of artificial airway complications and artificial airway extubation care. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four common factors, with item factor loadings ranging from 0.403 to 0.968, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 68.97%. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the model fit indices met acceptable standards, indicating a stable questionnaire structure. The overall content validity index of the questionnaire was 1.00, the total Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.98, the split-half reliability was 0.93, and the test-retest reliability was 0.99. Conclusions The questionnaire on adult artificial airway management competence for ICU nurses demonstrates good reliability and validity, and can be used as a tool to evaluate the corresponding competence of ICU nurses.