Objective To investigate the influencing factors of the compliance in personal protection equipment (PPE) training for hospital workers during the period of prevention and control of COVID-19, and to explore relative management countermeasures. Methods From March 17th to April 15th, 2022, 110 hospital workers were taken as the research object, who worked at COVID-19 treatment unit of the Proton Center of Ruijin Hospital. A rapid online survey about PPE training was conducted on the workers, and the compliance of this training was evaluated according to the survey records. Those influencing factors, that affected the compliance of the training for workers were analyzed. Relative management countermeasures were formulated then. At last, the management efficacy was evaluated. Results Those influencing factors of the compliance in PPE training for hospital workers were related to their education level, the previous work experience in COVID-19 treatment units, the level of knowledge of COVID-19 and the anti-pandemic attitude(all P<0.05). The development of targeted strategies by the hospital infection control committee could improve the level of knowledge of COVID-19, the anti-pandemic attitude, and the training compliance for hospital workers(P<0.05). Conclusions The influencing factors analysis of training compliance for hospital workers and the formulation of relative management strategies, could improve their level of knowledge of COVID-19 and the anti-pandemic attitude, which would improve training compliance, as well as to reduce the risk of infection in hospitals. This research results could provide a scientific basis for hospital infection management.