Objective To identify the abnormal urine test and renal function of Bai ethnic adults in Yunnan Province by analyzing their physical examination results and provide epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease（CKD） in South Western China. Methods The results of single urine test and renal function of the participants receiving medical examination from January to December 2019 in the Center of Medical Examination of the People’s Hospital of Jianchuan were collected retrospectively. The CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula was used to calculate glomerular filtration rate(GFR) and the results were compared and analyzed between different gender and age groups. Results A total of 1 200 Bai ethnic participants were enrolled in our study and the average age was (41.64±11.55) years. 716(59.7%) cases were male and 366 cases in male (30.5%) were abnormal in the urine test, including 300 (25.0%) cases of microscopic hematuria and 113(9.4%) cases of proteinuria. The female participants had a higher prevalence of microscopic hematuria(35.9% vs 17.6%, χ²=51.88, P<0.001) than male, while the male participants had a higher prevalence of proteinuria(11.7% vs 6.0%, χ²=11.15, P<0.001). In renal function, the GFR in 87.3% of the participants was superior to 90 mL/(min·1.73㎡), only 6(0.5%) participates’ GFR were inferior to 60 mL/(min·1.73㎡). GFR decreased gradually with age. Conclusions Physical examination is an important way to screen renal diseases. The rate of abnormal urine test and renal function was high in Bai ethnic adults in Yunnan Province and it should attract the attention of clinicians.