Objective To explore the correlation between asymptomatic erosive esophagitis(AEE) and colorectal polyps. Methods In this case-control study, the individuals without gastroesophageal reflux symptoms who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD) and colonoscopy in our hospital for a routine health checkup were included in the study and divided into two groups. The AEE group consisted of the patients with erosive esophagitis and without gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. The control group consisted of age-and gender-matched(1∶3) individuals with neither gastroesophageal reflux symptoms nor endoscopic erosive esophagitis. The results of demographics, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, and histopathology were collected. Results A total of 1 176 patients were included in the study, including 294 cases in AEE group and 882 cases in control group. Compared with the control group, the AEE group was more likely to have colorectal polyps(P<0.001), which were mainly distributed in left colon(P<0.001); and the AEE group was more likely to develop high-risk adenomas(P=0.034). In addition, compared with mild AEE, moderate to severe AEE was more possibly to develop high-risk adenomas (P=0.003) and multiple polyps (P<0.001), and the polyps were mainly distributed in left colon(P=0.038). Conclusions The AEE patients are more likely to have polyps, which are mainly distributed in left colon. The moderate to severe AEE patients are more possibly to have high-risk adenomas.