Abstract:

Long term administration of immunosuppressive therapies is required in solid organ transplantation (SOT) and

vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). However, medication of combined immunosuppressants will result in multiple

organ toxicities, and even threaten lives. Mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes are proved to be effective to control acute

allograft rejection and induce tolerance as a cell therapy. In this paper, the mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in SOT

and VCA were reviewed.

Key words:

　Mesenchymal stem cells, 　Exosomes, 　Immunosuppressive therapy, 　Solid organ transplantation, 　Vascularized

composite allotransplantation