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Table of Content

    01 April 2023, Volume 19 Issue 2 Previous Issue   
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    Construction of a  3D cardiac microtissues using hiPSC-CPCs combined with fibrin gel

    LU Tingting, LUO Runjiao, TAN Yao, et al
    2023, 19 (2):  101. 
    Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (4365KB) ( 288 )  
    Objective To construct cardiac microtissues using hiPSC-CPCs combined with fibrin gel for heart development
    research and drug screening. Methods Human induced pluripotent stem cells were differentiated into cardiac progenitor cells
    (hiPSCs-CPCs) by chemical differentiation method, and they were identified before being mixed in fibrin gel to construct 3D
    microtissues. Cardiac microtissues were obtained when hiPSC-CPCs were differentiated into hiPSC-CMs. The morphological
    changes of cardiac microtissues were observed during the culture period. The cardiac microtissues on day 15th and 30th were fro
    zen sectioned and identified by immunofluorescence. The sarcomere length, Z-line width and Z-line alignment of hiPSC-CMs in 
    cardic microtissues were statistically analyzed. Calcium signal changes in cardiac microtissues on day 15th and 30th were detected
    successfully by calcium imaging. MUSCLEMOTION ImageJ macro was used to analyze the contraction of cardiac microtissues on
    day 15th and 30th , the responses of cardiac microtissues to drugs were also detected by this software. Results hiPSC-CPCs can
    be efficiently differentiated using chemical differentiation method, and cardiac microtissues with spontaneous beating could be
    obtained when the microtissues were cultured to day 10th . The cardiac microtissues could still maintain the morphology without
    the occurance of dissolution after being cultured to day 30th . Immunofluorescence results showed that cardiac microtissues ex
    pressed myocardial markers cTnT and α-actinin highly. And the statistical results showed that the sarcomeres’
    structure tended
    to be more mature with the prolongation of culture time. Calcium imaging showed that the calcium signals of cardiac microtissues
    can be detected successfully, and the prolongation of culture time may improved the consistency of calcium signal. The results of
    MUSCLEMOTION ImageJ macro showed that the contraction frequency of cardiac microtissues decreased, while the contraction
    amplitude increased by prolonging the culture time. The cardiac microtissues could be stimulated by isoproterenol successfully.
    And the longer the incubation time, the more obvious the reaction of cardiac microtissues to isoproterenol. Conclusion Fibrin
    gel combined with hiPSC-CPCs can successfully construct cardiac microtissues which is sustainable, calcium signal and con
    traction easily detectable, drug response sensitive, and promising to be a useful tool for studying cardiac development and drug
    screening.
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    Comparative study on biological characteristics of human adipose stem cells cultured in two kinds of digestion reagents
    ZHAN Guoqin, CAO Rui, YAN Li, et al
    2023, 19 (2):  111. 
    Abstract ( 177 )   PDF (1348KB) ( 500 )  
    Objective To compare the effects of two kinds of digestion reagents on the biological characteristics of human
    adipose derived stem cells, and to explore cell digestion reagents that can replace trypsin. Methods Two cell digestion re
    agents (TrypLE Express and Trypsin) were used to compare the biological characteristics and adipogenic differentiation ability
    of primary human adipose stem cells. Results There was no significant difference in the percentage of viable cells in the third
    generation of adipose stem cells digested with TrypLETM Express and Trypsin (P>0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed that
    CD90, CD73, CD105 and other cell surface antigen markers were positively expressed, while CD11b, CD34, CD19, CD45, HLA
    DR were negatively expressed. There was no significant difference in the percentage of positive cells between the two groups un
    der the treatment of digestive reagents (P>0.05). Imagepro Plus was used for semi-quantitative analysis of lipid droplet staining
    results of adipogenic induced cells. There was no significant difference in adipogenic differentiation rate between the two groups
    under the action of digestive reagents (P>0.05), and no significant difference in cell proliferation ability from the first day to the
    seventh day of inoculation (P>0.05). Conclusion There was no significant difference between the two digestion reagents on the
    biological characteristics of human adipose stem cells. TrypLE Express could completely replace Trypsin for the culture of adi
    pose stem cells in vitro
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    Analysis of the mechanism of fibroblast involvement in scarless healing of oral mucosa based on single cell transcriptome sequencing

    XUANYUAN Xinyang, XU Jiacheng, WANG Mengting, et al
    2023, 19 (2):  115. 
    Abstract ( 476 )   PDF (3654KB) ( 965 )  
    Objective To explore the heterogeneity of human normal oral mucosa and skin fibroblasts and the mechanism of
    oral mucosal fibroblasts in promoting scarless wound healing. Methods Single-cell transcriptome sequencing data were obtained
    from the GEO database for 13 cases of oral mucosa and 8 cases of skin. The 64,633 cells were subjected to quality control, dimen sionality, clustering and cell annotation. Fibroblasts were extracted and annotated for subsets definition, differential gene enrichment
    and intercellular interactions analysis. Results Fibroblasts can be divided into 5 subsets: inflammatory, adipose, mesenchymal,
    contractile, and Wnt-inhibited. The proportion of inflammatory fibroblasts was significantly upregulated in the oral mucosa and
    was associated with immune cell recruitment. CXCL13, EEF1A1 and B2M genes were highly expressed in oral mucosa fibro
    blasts. Gene ontology (GO) functional analysis showed that scar healing-related pathways such as immune response and pro-in
    flammatory pathways were activated in oral fibroblasts. Cellular interaction analysis revealed that the interaction between fibro
    blast subsets was significantly changed, the information flow of oral mucosal COLLAGEN signaling pathway was upregulated, and
    the score of collagen degradation genes including MMP1 and MMP10 were also increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Fibroblasts
    in normal skin and oral mucosa differ significantly in their subpopulation and function. The stronger inflammatory characteristics
    and collagen metabolism of oral mucosal fibroblasts may drive the scarless wound healing.
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    Free gracilis myocutaneous flap in repairing soft tissue defect of upper extremity

    Yemenlehan·Bahesutihan, WANG Xin, Aihemaitijiang·Yusuf
    2023, 19 (2):  124. 
    Abstract ( 160 )   PDF (1747KB) ( 224 )  
    Objective To explore the application and clinical effect of free gracilis myocutaneous flap in repairing soft tis
    sue defect of the upper extremity. Methods From June 2020 to December 2021, a total of 8 patients (5 males and 3 females)
    with soft tissue defects in the upper extremity were repaired by the free gracilis myocutaneous flaps. The causes of soft tissue
    defects: traffic accident injury in 3 cases, postoperative infection in 2 cases, hemangioma in 1 case, electric burn scar contrac
    ture in 1 case, dog bite in 1 case. Wound site: hand in 2 cases, from the radial side of the back of the hand to the radial side of
    the forearm in 1 case, forearm in 4 cases, shoulder in 1 case. The wound ranged from 8 cm×6 cm to 19 cm×12 cm. The skin
    flap incision ranged from 10 cm×7 cm to 22 cm×15 cm, including 4 transverse gracilis myocutaneous flaps and 2 longitudinal
    gracilis myocutaneous flaps and 2 tricuspid gracilis myocutaneous flaps. The donor site was sutured directly. The survival of flaps
    and complications were observed after operation. Regular follow-up was performed. The last follow-up included color, texture,
    appearance, sensation of the flap and appearance of the donor site. Results All flaps survived, and the wounds in donor and
    recipient sites healed by first intention. Postoperative edema of the donor side occurred in 1 case. The follow-up period ranged
    from 6 to 24 months (mean, 18 months). All flaps had good color and texture, with slightly bloated appearance and dull sensation.
    Linear scar was left at the donor site, and the appearance was well evaluated. There was no adverse effect on lower limb function.
    Conclusion The gracilis musculocutaneous flap has the advantages of strong plasticity, less variation in the anatomy of the
    main vessels, and concealed donor site. It is a feasible choice for repairing the soft tissue defects of the upper extremity.
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    Clinical application of submental island flap in repairing the postoperative defect of hypopharyngeal carcinoma: Single centre experience

    LI Pingdong, LI Haiyang, DING Shuo, et al
    2023, 19 (2):  130. 
    Abstract ( 213 )   PDF (2400KB) ( 270 )  
    Objective To review the clinical application of submental island flap (SIF) in repairing the postoperative defect
    of hypopharyngeal carcinoma, and discuss the anatomical design, clinical application and repair effects based on our single cen
    ter experience combined with fresh perfusion cadavers study. Methods The anatomical analysis of 6 SIFs in 3 freshly perfused
    adult cadavers was firstly carried out. Combined with clinical experience, 13 patients with submental island flap repair after
    hypopharyngeal cancer resection were reviewed, all of them were male, with an average age of 55 years. Postoperative defects
    included piriform fossa and posterior hypopharyngeal wall. The anatomical essentials and techniques of SIFs, the protection
    of vascular pedicle and the management of submandibular lymph nodes were described in detail. Results All 13 SIFs were
    healed primarily. The hypopharyngeal functions were satisfied. The main complication of the donor site was transient paralysis
    of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (3/13, 23%). The donor site was primarily closed without skin grafting.
    Conclusion SIF may be an appropriate option for repairing hypopharyngeal defects. The vascular pedicle of the flap is con
    stant and the survival rate is high. The skin flap can be obtained in the same surgical area as the hypopharyngeal cancer surgery,
    which is convenient to harvest, and it can also take into account the management of lymph nodes in Level Ⅰ.
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    Application of sequential expanded flap in reconstruction of severe burn scars

    LI Hua, XIAO Wentian, XU Heng, et al
    2023, 19 (2):  135. 
    Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (1928KB) ( 220 )  
    Objective To explore the application of sequential expanded flap in reconstruction of severe burn scars.
    Methods Using the principle of“sequential”
    skin flap, the adjacent area of the skin flap donor site was expanded, and the
    tissue generated by the second expansion flap was used to cover the defect left by the first expansion flap. This technique was
    applied to repair large area of extensive adhesions between the chin and neck using dorsal scapular flap. The main flap was an
    axial flap with a dual blood supply from the ascending scapular artery and the superficial cervical artery. After soft tissue expan
    sion, a large skin flap was formed, and the skin on the shoulder carrying the superficial cervical artery perforator was used as the
    pedicle to rotate the flap to the anterior chest and neck to repair extensive scars of adhesions between the chin and neck/chest.
    The expansion device for the relay flap was implanted in the lower back of the main flap, and the defect in the scapular area was
    repaired by rotating the spiral propeller flap with perforator or random flap. Results A total of 12 patients were included in this
    study, 9 males and 3 females, aged 5-45 years (mean 24.7 years), all with extensive scars and contractures of the neck and chest
    after burns. The size of the scapular expansion device ranged from 300-800 mL, and the size of the sequential expansion device
    in the lower back ranged from 80-300 mL. The area of the scapular expansion flap ranged from 430-840 cm2 , and 1-4 intercos
    tal perforators were found near the sequential expansion flap in the lower back (mean 2.3 perforators), usually used to rotate the
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    The application of anterolateral thigh perforator flap with turbocharging technique of anteromedial thigh perforator in repairing large area defects

    WU Yuyu, HU Chaobo, CHEN Mianchuan, et al
    2023, 19 (2):  141. 
    Abstract ( 222 )   PDF (1384KB) ( 262 )  
    Objective To explore the application and clinical effects of anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator flap with
    turbocharging technique of anteromedial thigh perforator in repairing large area defects. Methods A retrospective case-series
    study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 9 patients with complex wounds of limbs from March 2014 to December
    2021. There were 6 males and 3 females, aged 23-68 years. The defect area ranged from 20 cm×12 cm to 25 cm×13 cm. The
    flap area was roughly equal or slightly larger than the wound area. Extended ALT perforator turbocharged flaps were done in 9
    patients. An additional microvascular augmentation of the distal or descending branch of the lateral circumflex artery (LCFA)
    with the sizable AMT perforator was performed during the operation to augment the viability of the ALT flap. The ratio of flap
    width and thigh circumference was measured (F/T ratio). Results The extended ALT turbocharged flaps survived without
    peripheral necrosis or serious complications. The average F/T ratio was 0.319 (0.302~0.341). The patients' average flaps width
    and thigh circumference were 13.9 cm and 43.6 cm respectively. The mean follow-up was 10.2 months and no complications
    were recorded. Conclusion ALT perforator flap with turbocharging technique of AMT perforator may be an alternative choice
    when the flap area is too large, especially in patients whose F/T ratio is greater than 0.3. However, the reliability of this ratio still
    needs further investigation.
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    Topical iatrogenic complications of infantile hemangioma

    XU Kangni, YUAN Siming
    2023, 19 (2):  146. 
    Abstract ( 138 )   PDF (1979KB) ( 248 )  
    Objective To explore the complications of topical treatment in children with infantile hemangioma (IH), so as
    to provide a framework for clinical decision-making. Methods From 2011 to 2021, a total of 32 patients with IH were retrieved
    from medical databases and were divided into 6 different treatment groups: intralesional glucocorticoids injection group, bleomycin
    injection group, laser therapy group, topical β blockers group, cryotherapy group and radiotherapy group. Side effects and adverse
    events of therapies were described and discussed. Results Almost all treatments resulted in scar healing. Light complications such
    as significant pain, edema, hyperpigmentation were more common in laser therapy group, whereas severe complications such as ul
    ceration and dysplasia were more common in radiotherapy group and bleomycin injection group. The most promising and safe topical
    treatment option was the topical β blockers. Conclusion Therapeutic regimens for IH should be selected cautiously based on the
    child’s age, the size and location of the lesion, the presence of complications and the implementation conditions.
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    Prosthesis selection strategy in breast reconstruction

    MA Jianxun, XIA Youchen, LI Bi
    2023, 19 (2):  152. 
    Abstract ( 152 )   PDF (1935KB) ( 169 )  
    Objective To investigate the selection strategy of the prosthesis in breast reconstruction. Methods Two hundred and seventeen patients, who underwent unilateral implant-based breast reconstruction post-mastectomy from August 2006 to August 2021, were involved in this study, and the relevant information was reviewed and analyzed. The experience for the final prosthesis selection in each step during the perioperative period was summarized, including measuring the volume of the contralateral breast with the three-dimensional surface imaging technique, recording the volume of the resected tissue during breast mastectomy, recording the volume of the water injection when both sides of breasts got approximately the same volume during the expansion period, and using the sizer to verify the shape and volume before the permanent implant insertion during the surgery.
    The cosmetic outcome was evaluated from three aspects, including the inframammary fold position, the protrusion and the volume of the breast. Results One hundred and sixty-four patients underwent immediate breast reconstruction, fifty-three were
    provided delayed breast reconstruction, forty-one were applied immediate prosthesis insertion and one hundred and seventy-six
    were applied tissue expansion/implant two-stage breast reconstruction. The median period of tissue expansion was 7.0 (5.5, 10.4)
    months. One hundred and eighty-nine used anatomic prostheses and twenty-eight utilized round prostheses. The median volume
    of prostheses was 225 (200, 270) mL. The median follow-up period was 7.0 (5.0, 12.0) months. Most of the patients (163/217,
    75.1%) had“good”appearance evaluation, and most of the patients had capsular contracture grade Ⅰor Ⅱ(168/217, 77.4%).
    Conclusion All steps during the perioperative period could provide important reference information for the selection of the
    final prosthesis. Proper selection of the prosthesis could achieve symmetry to the contralateral breast in the aspects of volume,
    protrusion and inframammary fold position, which make it easy to obtain satisfying reconstruction outcome.
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    Antihelical fold formation technique for the mild to moderate cup ear

    correction

    WEI Siming, HAO Dongyue, DONG Liwei
    2023, 19 (2):  157. 
    Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (2620KB) ( 233 )  
    Objective To explore the correction of mild to moderate cup ear by using antihelical fold formation technique.
    Methods From January 2017 to December 2018, 46 cases of mild to moderate cup ear correction were performed. Under thor
    ough preoperative evaluation, the proper antihelical fold formation technique was applied for the correction. Results All the
    patients had no complications. The follow-up time ranged from 3-12 months with six months on average. The overall satisfaction
    of the patients was promising. The bilateral symmetry of both sides and the appearance of the corrected ear were significantly
    improved. Forty-three patients (93.48%) were“satisfied”
    or“acceptable”
    with the surgical effect. Conclusion The proper uti
    lization of the antihelical fold formation technique can achieve satisfying result of correction for most of the mild to moderate cup
    ear patient. The surgical technique and the surgery planning are simple and the surgical injury is small.
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    Repair of forearm long bone defect with fibula free flap fixed by screw and complementary osteotomy in 8 cases

    ZHANG Shuxin, WU Huiping, XU Yongxian, et al
    2023, 19 (2):  161. 
    Abstract ( 128 )   PDF (1407KB) ( 170 )  
    Objective To explore the clinical effect of repairing forearm long bone defect with free fibula flap fixed by screw
    and complementary osteotomy. Methods From March 2013 to June 2019, 8 cases of forearm bone defects were repaired by free
    fibular flap with complementary osteotomy and screw fixation, including 3 cases of radius and 5 cases of ulna. The length of bone
    defect ranged from 4.5 cm to 10.5 cm. Results All the free fibular flaps survived after operation, and one of them had a vascu
    lar crisis. Surgical exploration revealed venous embolism, and the fibula flap survived after vascular transplantation. After 8-24
    months of follow-up, 2 cases were excellent, 5 cases were good and 1 case was fair according to the evaluation standard of upper
    limb function of Chinese Hand Surgery Society. The wound healing of the donor site of the lower leg was good, and there were no
    obvious abnormalities in weight bearing of the lower limbs and flexion and extension of the toes. Conclusion Repair of forearm
    long bone defect with fibula free flap fixed by screw and complementary osteotomy has good effect, which is an ideal method for
    repairing long forearm bone defects
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    Preoperative nutritional risk prevalence survey and oral health-related quality of life in patients with maxillofacial fractures
    ZHENG Jiali, ZHOU Wenjun, NI Xiaojun, et al
    2023, 19 (2):  166. 
    Abstract ( 129 )   PDF (933KB) ( 182 )  
    Objective To investigate the incidence of preoperative nutritional risk in patients with maxillofacial fractures,
    and to compare the differences in general information and oral health-related quality of life between the patients with and with
    out nutritional risk. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to administer questionnaires to oral craniomaxillofa
    cial inpatients who met the nadir criteria within 24 hours of admission. The questionnaires included general information, oral
    health-related quality of life questionnaire (OHIP-14), and nutritional risk screening score short form (NRS-2002). SPSS26.0
    software was used to analyze the incidence of nutritional risk in patients with maxillofacial fractures and the differences in gener
    al information and oral health-related quality of life between the patients with or without nutritional risk. Results A total of 201
    questionnaires were distributed at this stage, and 195 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid recovery 
    Data analysis indicated that patients with maxillofacial fractures were mainly male (68.7%), married (69.7%), and aged between
    18 and 40 years old (54.4%). The highest percentage of education level was 74.9% in high school and below. Most patients had
    no religious beliefs (94.4%). The source of medical expenses was mainly self-pay (65.6%). The highest percentage of monthly
    family income was below 10,000 yuan (56.4%). The most common admission diagnosis was zygomatic arch fracture (45.1%),
    followed by mandibular fracture (32.8%). The incidence of nutritional risk of maxillofacial fracture was 32.8% (NRS-2002 ≥ 3
    points). The overall weight loss was (1.86±2.62) kg. The total OHIP-14 score was 39.02±11.81. The differences in total OHIP-
    14 score, functional limitation latitude, physiological pain latitude, social impairment latitude, and disability impairment latitude
    between the patients with or without nutritional risk were all statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of
    preoperative nutritional risk is higher and the overall preoperative oral health-related quality of life is worse in patients with
    maxillofacial fractures. Moreover, the oral health-related quality of life is worse in patients with nutritional risk compared with
    those without nutritional risk.
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    Nursing effect of a method decreasing early complications after rhinoplasty

    LI Zhuoya, DI Meihua, BIAN Weiwei, et al
    2023, 19 (2):  172. 
    Abstract ( 126 )   PDF (1376KB) ( 443 )  
    Objective To evaluate the application of low negative pressure suction drainage combined with ice compress
    in the early stage after rhinoplasty. Methods Forty cases received rhinoplasty in our department from January 2019 to Janu
    ary 2020 were reviewed. The patients were divided into control group (n=20) and study group (n=20) according to the different
    postoperative nursing methods. The control group was assigned with traditional nasal splints, while the study group, on the basis
    of the control group, was applied with the continuous low negative pressure suction drainage combined with ice compress care
    immediately after operation. The effect of alleviating ecchymosis, edema, and pain was observed and compared between the two
    groups. Results No serious complications such as infection and hematoma occurred in all cases. Compared with the control
    group, the study group showed less postoperative edema (P<0.05), subcutaneous ecchymosis, and postoperative pain was signifi
    cantly reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion The therapy of low negative pressure suction drainage combined with ice compress can
    significantly improve postoperative edema, ecchymosis and pain after rhinoplasty. The care method is easy to conduct and con
    venient for clinical use.
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    Application of personalized nursing care in the skin and soft tissue expansion

    WU Ying, YANG Min
    2023, 19 (2):  175. 
    Abstract ( 129 )   PDF (887KB) ( 242 )  
    Objective To explore the application effect of personalized nursing care in the dilation period after skin ex
    pander implantation. Methods From January 2019 to June 2021, a retrospective study was conducted on 100 patients with
    soft tissue expansion, including 69 cases in the control group and 31 cases in the experimental group. During the expansion period,
    personalized nursing care was used in the experimental group to intervene in the expansion process, while conventional nursing
    strategy was used in the control group. The ratio of flap expansion volume to expected volume before flap transfer and the incidence
    of complications during expansion were evaluated. Results Compared with the control group, the flap expansion/expectation ratio
    in the experimental group increased significantly (125.7%±30.6% & 78.3%±14.5%), with a statistical difference (P<0.01), and
    the complication rate in the experimental group decreased significantly (6.5% & 11.6%). Conclusion The application of personal
    ized nursing in the skin and soft tissue expansion can effectively reduce the risk of complications in the expansion period of patients,
    promote the expansion of the flap to achieve the expected expansion goal, and patients can benefit from the treatment.
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    Application of two-dimensional nanomaterial MXenes in tissue engineering
    ZHOU Hongling, WU Yeke, ZHAO Lixing
    2023, 19 (2):  178. 
    Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (900KB) ( 928 )  
    Owing to the advantages of high conductivity, hydrophilicity, high specific surface area, fascinating mechanical
    strength and photothermal conversion performance, transition metal carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides (MXenes), as a new kind
    of two-dimensional materials, have shown remarkable potential applications in the field of biomedicine, especially in tissue en
    gineering. In this paper, the research progress of biocompatibility of MXenes was briefly summarized, the application of MXenes
    in tissue engineering such as bone repair and skin regeneration was emphatically introduced, and finally the challenges and po
    tential research directions of MXenes in tissue engineering were prospected, aiming to provide some insights for the research and
    clinical application of MXenes in tissue engineering.
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    Application progress of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in allotransplantation
    QIU Yucheng, ZHOU Xianyu, LIU Fei, et a
    2023, 19 (2):  184. 
    Abstract ( 227 )   PDF (1052KB) ( 607 )  
    Long term administration of immunosuppressive therapies is required in solid organ transplantation (SOT) and
    vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). However, medication of combined immunosuppressants will result in multiple
    organ toxicities, and even threaten lives. Mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes are proved to be effective to control acute
    allograft rejection and induce tolerance as a cell therapy. In this paper, the mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in SOT
    and VCA were reviewed.
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    Review on the feasibility of poly lactic acid as GBR barrier membrane
    LI Lulu, SUN Zhen, LI Na, et al
    2023, 19 (2):  189. 
    Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (837KB) ( 1021 )  
    Barrier membrane is the key to the success of guided bone regeneration (GBR). The ideal barrier membrane ma
    terial should have good biocompatibility, mechanical properties, biodegradability and osteogenic guidance. At present, the Bio
    Gide biofilm is more mature in clinical application, but it is expensive and the use cost is high. Polylactic acid is a kind of material,
    which is simple to make, has good biocompatibility, degradability and mechanical property, and is expected to be used as a GBR
    barrier membrane. In this paper, the properties of polylactic acid and its feasibility as GBR barrier membrane were reviewed.
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    Progress in prevention and treatment of skin flap necrosis induced by ischemic reperfusion
    SUN Jiayuan, HOU Rui, ZHANG Ruhong
    2023, 19 (2):  193. 
    Abstract ( 199 )   PDF (905KB) ( 1111 )  
     Flap ischemia-reperfusion injury often occurs after skin flap transplantation surgery, which is an important cause
    of partial or total necrosis of skin flap. Nowadays, the pathogenesis of flap ischemia-reperfusion injury is not completely clear.
    It is generally believed that FIRI is related to the outbreak of reactive oxygen species, the infiltration of neutrophils and the ob
    struction of revascularization. Nanozyme is a kind of nano-material with enzyme-like properties, which has the advantages of low
    cost, good stability, simple preparation and easy storage. It can directly regulate the redox balance in cells and overcome many
    limitations of natural enzyme in enzyme therapy. As an ideal antioxidant, nanozyme will play a vital role in the field of biomed
    icine. In this paper, the mechanism of flap ischemia-reperfusion injury and the research and clinical application of treatment
    methods in recent years were reviewed, and the application of nanozyme in ischemia-reperfusion injury diseases was introduced,
    aiming to provide theoretical basis and new thinking about the treatment of flap ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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     Advances in breast reconstruction after breast cancer surgery
    ZHU Danli, BAO Wanting, WEI Hao, et al
    2023, 19 (2):  201. 
    Abstract ( 159 )   PDF (816KB) ( 240 )  
     There are a large number of patients with breast cancer result in breast defects due to surgical excision every
    year, and the reconstruction of breast defects has a huge clinical demand. At present, autologous flap transplantation, prosthesis
    implantation and autologous fat transplantation have been widely carried out in clinical practice. As a new technology, breast
    regeneration tissue engineering has not been applied in clinic formally, but it has made good progress in scientific research. In
    this paper, the research status of breast defect reconstruction and its clinical application prospect was forecasted.
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     Formation and correction of facial dynamic depression
    YUAN Ye, LI Qiang, LI Senkai
    2023, 19 (2):  206. 
    Abstract ( 198 )   PDF (840KB) ( 1220 )  
     Facial dynamic depression occurs or aggravates during facial expression activities, mainly including dimples on
    the cheeks and depression deformities caused by scars between the mimetic and the dermis. In this paper, the formation mecha
    nism of different types of facial dynamic depression and the current methods for deformity correction were all reviewed.
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    Application of PBL combined with CBL method in the teaching of rare diseases of plastic and reconstr
    LI Yuehua, WEI Chengjiang, WANG Wei, et al
    2023, 19 (2):  210. 
    Abstract ( 175 )   PDF (832KB) ( 272 )  
     In recent years, as rare diseases have received more and more attention in society, the basic and clinical
    knowledge related to rare diseases has gradually become the content that medical students must master. The traditional teaching
    mode can no longer meet the teaching needs of rare diseases related to plastic and reconstructive surgery. At present, PBL
    combined with CBL method has become a new efficient and flexible teaching mode. The combination of PBL and CBL has a good
    application prospect in the teaching of rare diseases related to plastic and reconstructive surgery
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